(n.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
(n.) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
(n.) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
Example Sentences:
(1) In this experiment animals were trained to lever press in two distinctive contexts.
(2) Orientation and lever responding were not functionally related.
(3) In older stages, the cervical joints rotate according to geometric and lever arm principles.
(4) In EastEnders , the mystery surrounding the identity of Kat's secret squeeze continues amid the grinding of narrative levers and the death rattle of overflogged script-horses.
(5) Cats were trained to press a lever for 0.5--1.0 ml of milk reward both in the presence and absence of ambient light.
(6) Setting out how Britain would have a lever over the rest of the EU to demand repatriation of UK competences, Cameron said: "What's happening in Europe right now is massive change being driven by the existence of the euro.
(7) When lever pressing was established, the 2-kHz signal was presented through a speaker adjacent to the response lever according to a different set of variable intertrial intervals.
(8) Officials said the changes to the planning rules will mean it is possible to lever in billions of private sector development in low-cost housing.
(9) Rats were allowed to bar press on either of two levers (left and right).
(10) Knee flexion is synchronized with ankle dorsiflexion by a synchronizer rod and lever.
(11) In order to study the interactions between serotonergic mechanism and electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray substance, rats were trained to lever-press for terminating aversive electric stimuli applied at the Periaqueductal gray and adjoining tectum of the mesencephalon.
(12) Rats were trained to press a lever to obtain a brief burst of pulses to the lateral hypothalamus.
(13) But its original meaning is the practice of using the levers of the state and of government to get difficult things done that otherwise wouldn't happen.
(14) Intact rats and rats bearing lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNX rats) were trained to obtain food by pressing either of two levers located on opposite sides of a cylindrical cage.
(15) We found that attenuation of lever-pressing and water intake by raclopride were not more separated in dose than after, for example, haloperidol.
(16) Young rats weaned at 16 days were taught to press a lever by shaping at 18 days and trained for 11 days (from 20 to 30 days of age) on a fixed-interval 60-sec schedule, at a rate of 5 half-hour sessions per day.
(17) In contrast, the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitors, desipramine and talsupram, and the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, citalopram, occasioned averages of only 13 to 19% drug-lever responding.
(18) When reinforcement was not available, each lever response produced a 0.5-sec green light on the key.
(19) Rats implanted with placebo pellets and given access to morphine reestablished lever pressing, while those given access to isotonic saline extinguished their lever pressing.
(20) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
Rod
Definition:
(n.) A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes).
(n.) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement.
(n.) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression.
(n.) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole.
(n.) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar.
(n.) An instrument for measuring.
(n.) A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called also perch, and pole.
Example Sentences:
(1) The NORPLANT-2 rod system on the other hand consists of only 2 rods.
(2) Since resistance is mainly mediated by R plasmids, we undertook to investigate the characteristics of R plasmid-determined beta-lactamase in 6 Gram-negative rods.
(3) Electroretinographic (ERG), morphometric and biochemical studies on retinas from monkeys or rats reveal that moderate level developmental lead (Pb) exposure produces long-term selective rod deficits and degeneration.
(4) Electron microscopy revealed the presence of a hitherto unreported peculiar "pilovacuolar" inclusion in numerous mitochondria, composed of an electron dense pile or rod within a vacuole, while globular or crystalline inclusions were absent.
(5) Changes in protein phosphorylation induced by phagocytic challenge were identified in cultured rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) following exposure to isolated rat rod outer segments (ROS) or to polystyrene latex microspheres (PSL).
(6) Thirty-six investigations were made using a number of lithium fluoride micro-rods for each investigation.
(7) After intravenous or dorsal lymph sac injections of 3H-22:6, most of the retinal label was seen in rod photoreceptor cells.
(8) The antigenic determinant defined by 5E9 was also shown to be present in a 87000 molecular weight polypeptide located in the proximal part of the flagellum of Crithidia oncopelti in which a paraflagellar rod is not detectable at the ultrastructural level.
(9) Chloride caused a significant concentration-dependent shortening of myosin rods due to destabilization of the alpha-helical double coiled rod structure.
(10) Rod adaptation was abnormal in both families, but the time course of adaptation differed between patients with the two mutations.
(11) Electron microscopy shows that at neutral pH, CEA particles consist of homogeneous, morphologically distinctive, twisted rod-shaped particles, about 9 X 40 nm.
(12) RCA-1, which is specific for D-galactose, showed patchy fluorescence on the basal and distal portions of the outer segments of the cones and rods, whereas neuraminidase-treated sections had uniform fluorescence throughout the tissues.
(13) All are satisfied by [Formula: see text], where N is the size of rod signal, constant for threshold; theta, theta(D) are steady backgrounds of light and receptor noise; varphi is the threshold flash with sigma a constant of about 2.5 log td sec; B the fraction of pigment in the bleached state.
(14) The territory’s chief executive Leung Chun-ying, has become a lightning rod for the protesters’ anger .
(15) Beyond intraoperative recognition and removal of the rods, effective strategies to prevent this neuronal loss have yet to be developed.
(16) Sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens.
(17) It should be considered as a causative agent in culture-negative cases of endocarditis and also when a gram-negative rod is isolated which is sensitive to all antibiotics.
(18) Rats permitted to recover for 13 weeks and then sacrificed had lost almost all their rods (p less than 0.001) while the cones were reduced by about 50% (p less than 0.01).
(19) The reports of rod-dominated psychophysical spectral sensitivity from the deprived eye of monocularly lid-sutured (MD) monkeys are intriguing but difficult to reconcile with the absence of any reported deprivation effects in retina.
(20) Rod adaptation had no reliable influence on response to rapid onset in cones or bipolar cells.