(n.) One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called rock moss or tree moss.
(n.) A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion.
Example Sentences:
(1) The vulvar white keratotic lesions which have been subjected to histological examination in Himeji National Hospital (1973-1987) included 13 cases in benign dermatoses, 4 cases in vulvar epithelial hyperplasia, 3 cases in lichen sclerosus, and 3 cases in lichen sclerosus with foci of epithelial hyperplasia.
(2) The counts of EAC-receptor carrying neutrophils were two times lower in the patients with erosive ulcerative lichen planus as against those with the typical form of the disease.
(3) The abundance of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and keratinocytes in oral lichen planus is indicative of a special state of activation.
(4) The cases were all consecutive patients with a new diagnosis of lichen planus, and the controls were patients under dermatological care observed under the same conditions.
(5) The purpose of this investigation was to specifically identify T cells, B cells, and histiocytes in the infiltrate typically seen in lichen planus.
(6) In an ultrastructural study of oral lesions in lichen planus, it was found that some plasma cells have an associated lamina densa.
(7) Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of adult onset.
(8) Eighteen lichens from a variety of habitats were treated with 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CB).
(9) In lichen planus, the cells appeared more dendritic and equal numbers of CD1, HLADR, HLADP and HLADQ positive cells were found, with significantly more HLADP (P less than 0.01) and HLADQ (P less than 0.05) positive cells than in normal mucosa.
(10) In a 45-year-old patient with an unusual clinical course of wide-spread cutaneous and oral lichen planus as well as pemphigus vulgaris of the oral cavity, both refractory to standard therapy, a Castleman tumour was suspected.
(11) A case of Lichen aureus in a 15-year old boy is presented.
(12) Specifically, we were able to make a diagnosis of psoriasis in four cases, lichen planus in three cases, and Darier's disease in one case.
(13) Lichen planus is a common disorder of unknown aetiology.
(14) The result of topical treatment by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in a patient with lichen amyloidosus is reported.
(15) Additionally, a lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate is seen at the periphery of the verrucous lesions, and in one case this has the pattern of classic lichen sclerosus.
(16) This feature can be found in several dermatoses and particularly in lichen striatus and acantholytic linear naevus.
(17) The relative incidence of this condition, compared with the incidence of all forms of lichen planus, was smaller than that reported in the literature.
(18) In lichen planus, an increase both in the number of Langerhans cells and the numbers expressing CD4 were found in areas of keratinocyte HLADR expression compared with HLADR negative areas and with normal oral mucosa.
(19) Focal areas of established lichenoid reaction, that are indistinguishable from lichen planus, are common.
(20) The high incidence of familial lichen planus supports the hypothesis that genetic factors are of etiologic importance in lichen planus.
Litmus
Definition:
(n.) A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens (Roccella tinctoria, Lecanora tartarea, etc.), as a blue amorphous mass which consists of a compound of the alkaline carbonates with certain coloring matters related to orcin and orcein.
Example Sentences:
(1) The Tea Party movement has turned climate denial into a litmus test of conservative credentials – and that has made climate change one of the most sharp divisions between Obama and Romney.
(2) Despite this, the ban has remained a moral litmus test for Democratic politicians.
(3) Jakarta governor election a 'litmus test' of Indonesian Islam Read more Stakes in the vote have been raised by allegations that Ahok – the city’s first non-Muslim governor for half a century and its first ethnic Chinese leader – insulted the Koran.
(4) Today's events were a litmus test for the strength of a new generation of anti-government activists, who have rejected the moribund landscape of formal politics and begun organising online.
(5) Richard Dicker, head of international justice at Human Rights Watch in New York, said Libya's actions over the two suspects would be the litmus test of its commitment to democracy and the rule of law.
(6) "How we respond to dementia is the litmus test of whether we can face up to the challenge of an ageing population, and do so in a way which allows compassion and dignity.
(7) In evaluating the in vitro proteolytic potential of M bovis isolates, 83 hemolytic and 5 nonhemolytic isolates peptonized litmus milk; 176 nonhemolytic isolates did not peptonize litmus milk.
(8) Whatever the merits of the decision, the coming days with coverage of Thatcher's funeral to negotiate will be a litmus test for Hall, a former head of BBC News, who arrived back at the corporation after 12 years as chief executive of the Royal Opera House on 2 April.
(9) They grow on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar and nutrient broth, but rarely on MacConkey agar, at 25 and 30 degrees C. They are urease positive; but they are negative in reactions for hemolysis, indole production, H2S production (triple sugar iron agar), gelatin hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, and peptonization of litmus milk.
(10) Many outside the region will be watching closely – with Andalusians representing 20% of voters in Spain, the election is widely seen as a litmus test for municipal, regional and general elections due to be held across the country later this year.
(11) Growth is good on 5% bile salts-agar and in broth at 10 C, and in broth adjusted to pH 9.6 or containing 6.5% NaCl, but many strains fail to grow at 45 C. Litmus is reduced rapidly prior to formation of an acid curd.
(12) My litmus test was would they behave this way with a local woman and I knew the answer was no, they knew I lived alone, so I didn’t let them in.” Harris says she raised the issue with her GIZ manager but claims he dismissed her concerns, she said.
(13) Still, it’s an impressive coup for the league to ensure their part of the deal and the stability it brings – whatever the multi-platform future, the large-scale TV deal is still one of the key unsentimental litmus tests for how a league is translating, and while the network executives, particularly ESPN’s John Skipper, acknowledged that “it’s a future buy.
(14) The elongation test to distinguish the bacillary M vovis from the coccal N ovis, the nitrate reduction and the litmus milk tests were found to be the most reliable.
(15) Strains were identified to the species level by hydrolysis of esculin, reactions in litmus milk, slime production on 5% sucrose agar, acidification of maltose, melibiose, and raffinose broths, deamination of arginine, and growth at 42 degrees C and in 6.5% NaCl broth.
(16) There is no suggestion of the litmus test of localism, an end to rate capping.
(17) A high proportion of M. bovis from IBK lesions were simultaneously active in haemolysis, agar corrosion, gelatin liquefaction and litmus milk peptonisation.
(18) Perfringens was based on atmospheric requirements for growth, colonial morphology, and stormy fermentation in litmus milk.
(19) Tony Abbott’s “sex appeal” candidate, Fiona Scott, is poised for a landslide victory in the litmus-test western Sydney seat of Lindsay with a stunning 60% of the primary vote, according to a Guardian Lonergan poll.
(20) But, describing Brexit negotiations as a “litmus test for responsible financial globalisation”, Carney suggested such gains were now at risk.