(v. t.) To convert into wood or into a ligneous substance.
(v. i.) To become wood.
Example Sentences:
(1) The parenchyma located close to the sclerenchyma became indigestible as the cell walls lignified progressively from the third stage.
(2) The recently isolated ruminal sporeforming cellulolytic anaerobe Clostridium longisporum B6405 was examined for its ability to degrade barley straw, nonlignified cell walls (mesophyll and epidermis) and lignified cell walls (fiber) of ryegrass, and alfalfa cell walls in comparison with strains of Ruminococcus albus.
(3) The NEL of hay crops and corn silages also were predicted from an expression of lignified NDF in DM with moderate precision.
(4) Consequently, study of medicinal potential, especially immunopotentiating capacity, of lignified materials is important.
(5) The increase in the digestibility of the treated straw was due to the greater access the micro-organisms had to the polysaccharides of the lignified walls.
(6) With the exception of the phloem and the crown of the parenchyma, which borders the medullary lacuna, the walls of the tissues of both treated and untreated straw were lignified.
(7) Smaller particles in the rumen and F appeared to contain more lignin (determined histochemically) and were composed of indigestible fragments of cuticle and lignified vascular tissue.
(8) The data suggest that the polymerized phenolic structure of lignified materials is responsible for the anti-influenza A virus activity.
(9) After treatment of the bran with alkali, the extent of degradation was increased three-fold as a result of saponification of ester cross-links which facilitated increased degradation of the polymers from both the aleurone and outer, lignified, layers.
(10) With an appropriate eliciting agent, intravenous administration of natural lignified substances transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (possibly tumor necrosis factor) in normal mice.
(11) Possible physiological relevance of the stimulation of iodination by lignified substances is discussed.
(12) Filaments and rod and coccal forms of the microbe degraded rigid forage cell walls and lignified, thick-walled sclerenchymal cells.
(13) SbPRP1 expression increased within epidermal cells in the elongating and mature regions of the hypocotyl; expression was detected also in lignified cells surrounding the hilum of mature seeds.
(14) Two other cell-wall preparations, representing lignified walls of dicotyledons and unlignified walls of vegetative parts of grasses and cereals (monocotyledons belonging to the family Poaceae), adsorbed DNP much more effectively.
(15) Natural lignified material and dehydrogenation polymers, but not their precursors, effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV infection in both these cells as well as in MT-4 and MOLT-4 cells.
(16) When sections or leaf pieces are stained in aqueous 0.05% toluidine blue O, then placed in 20% calcium chloride solution, all tissues destain except those with lignified or partially lignified cell walls.
(17) The application of the new method makes possible fast and direct detection of the pathogen in lignified plant tissues, a goal not previously achieved when a cloned probe and a dot-blot test were employed.
(18) Lignin was also localized in secondary walls of tracheary elements, sites known to be highly lignified.
(19) After 48 h of culture, all non-lignified tissues observed by scanning electron microscopy disappeared with P communis and degradation was as complete as that observed in the rumen.
(20) Various natural lignified materials and synthetic dehydrogenation polymers (the so-called synthetic lignins) prepared from several phenylpropenoids were investigated for their mitogenic activity.
Lignin
Definition:
(n.) A substance characterizing wood cells and differing from cellulose in its conduct with certain chemical reagents.
Example Sentences:
(1) The manganese peroxidase (MnP), from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, an H2O2-dependent heme enzyme, oxidizes a variety of organic compounds but only in the presence of Mn(II).
(2) 2-Chloro-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (IV) is oxidized by lignin peroxidase to generate 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (V), which is reduced to 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-hydroquinone (VI).
(3) Increased numbers of fungi were detected only in the variant with AS-lignin at the end of the incubation.
(4) The molecular weight distribution of the dioxane-soluble lignin remained constant during degradation, but that of the water-soluble fraction changed to higher molecular weights.
(5) The experiments were performed with veratryl alcohol and a dimeric lignin model compound.
(6) The hydrolytic products of lignins, humic acids and industrial waste including hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol and 1,2,4-benzenetriol are widely distributed in water sources.
(7) Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent solubles and permanganate lignin were higher (P less than .01) and digestibilities of NDF and ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .01) for steers consuming alfalfa compared to orchardgrass silage.
(8) This study compared the dietary fiber (DF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin content of selected fruits and vegetables.
(9) In the second pilot experiment, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Chaetomium globosum, which are known for their ability to degrade lignin, were each incubated with wood dusts in a mixture of physiological saline and nutrient broth for either 3 or 30 days.
(10) Furthermore, oxidized lignin peroxidase is clearly a stronger oxidant than oxidized HRP or laccase.
(11) Goats selected diets 4% higher (P less than .1) in neutral detergent fiber on the control pastures than on the treated pastures; otherwise, diets selected by the goats on the various pastures were similar in terms of crude protein, lignin and in vitro organic matter digestibility.
(12) The concentration of oxalate in these cultures decreased during the period in which maximum lignin peroxidase activity (veratryl alcohol oxidation) was detected.
(13) In this study dosages of psyllium seed husk or lignin acceptable to patients with gallstones do not appear to alter the relative amounts of cholesterol, or individual bile acids in the bile.
(14) Natural lignocelluloses containing 14C primarily in their lignin components were prepared by feeding plants uniformly labeled L-[14C]phenylalanine through their cut stems.
(15) The ability of selected bacterial strains and consortia to mineralize degradation intermediates produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium from 14C-labeled synthetic lignins was studied.
(16) Recombinant Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase isozyme H2 (pI 4.4) was produced in insect cells infected with a genetically engineered baculovirus containing a copy of the cDNA clone lambda ML-6.
(17) Lignin peroxidase also hydroxylated 1-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)propane II at the alpha-position to yield 1-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropane VI under anaerobic conditions in the presence of mCPBA.
(18) Veratryl alcohol acts as a third substrate (with H2O2 and the azo dye) in the lignin peroxidase cycle during oxidations of azo dyes.
(19) The fungal fractions identified as cellulose and lignin varied widely with substrate.
(20) The oxidation of coniferyl alcohol (CA), a lignin precursor, by cell wall peroxidases may take place at the expense of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and O2, and in the absence of H2O2.