(n.) A substance characterizing wood cells and differing from cellulose in its conduct with certain chemical reagents.
Example Sentences:
(1) The manganese peroxidase (MnP), from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, an H2O2-dependent heme enzyme, oxidizes a variety of organic compounds but only in the presence of Mn(II).
(2) 2-Chloro-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (IV) is oxidized by lignin peroxidase to generate 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (V), which is reduced to 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-hydroquinone (VI).
(3) Increased numbers of fungi were detected only in the variant with AS-lignin at the end of the incubation.
(4) The molecular weight distribution of the dioxane-soluble lignin remained constant during degradation, but that of the water-soluble fraction changed to higher molecular weights.
(5) The experiments were performed with veratryl alcohol and a dimeric lignin model compound.
(6) The hydrolytic products of lignins, humic acids and industrial waste including hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol and 1,2,4-benzenetriol are widely distributed in water sources.
(7) Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent solubles and permanganate lignin were higher (P less than .01) and digestibilities of NDF and ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .01) for steers consuming alfalfa compared to orchardgrass silage.
(8) This study compared the dietary fiber (DF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin content of selected fruits and vegetables.
(9) In the second pilot experiment, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Chaetomium globosum, which are known for their ability to degrade lignin, were each incubated with wood dusts in a mixture of physiological saline and nutrient broth for either 3 or 30 days.
(10) Furthermore, oxidized lignin peroxidase is clearly a stronger oxidant than oxidized HRP or laccase.
(11) Goats selected diets 4% higher (P less than .1) in neutral detergent fiber on the control pastures than on the treated pastures; otherwise, diets selected by the goats on the various pastures were similar in terms of crude protein, lignin and in vitro organic matter digestibility.
(12) The concentration of oxalate in these cultures decreased during the period in which maximum lignin peroxidase activity (veratryl alcohol oxidation) was detected.
(13) In this study dosages of psyllium seed husk or lignin acceptable to patients with gallstones do not appear to alter the relative amounts of cholesterol, or individual bile acids in the bile.
(14) Natural lignocelluloses containing 14C primarily in their lignin components were prepared by feeding plants uniformly labeled L-[14C]phenylalanine through their cut stems.
(15) The ability of selected bacterial strains and consortia to mineralize degradation intermediates produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium from 14C-labeled synthetic lignins was studied.
(16) Recombinant Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase isozyme H2 (pI 4.4) was produced in insect cells infected with a genetically engineered baculovirus containing a copy of the cDNA clone lambda ML-6.
(17) Lignin peroxidase also hydroxylated 1-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)propane II at the alpha-position to yield 1-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropane VI under anaerobic conditions in the presence of mCPBA.
(18) Veratryl alcohol acts as a third substrate (with H2O2 and the azo dye) in the lignin peroxidase cycle during oxidations of azo dyes.
(19) The fungal fractions identified as cellulose and lignin varied widely with substrate.
(20) The oxidation of coniferyl alcohol (CA), a lignin precursor, by cell wall peroxidases may take place at the expense of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and O2, and in the absence of H2O2.
Vanilla
Definition:
(n.) A genus of climbing orchidaceous plants, natives of tropical America.
(n.) The long podlike capsules of Vanilla planifolia, and V. claviculata, remarkable for their delicate and agreeable odor, for the volatile, odoriferous oil extracted from them; also, the flavoring extract made from the capsules, extensively used in confectionery, perfumery, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Simmer for 2 minutes then stir in the orange zest, orange blossom water and vanilla extract.
(2) Makes around 20 75g butter, melted 75g granulated sugar 1 tbsp vanilla sugar 160g oats 2 tbsp cocoa powder 3 tbsp strong coffee, cooled to room temp Desiccated coconut, to finish 1 Whisk the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, then stir in the vanilla sugar, oats, cocoa and coffee.
(3) We might not be able to do all of that at once,” she said, while reeling off a set of vanilla policy objectives by Democratic standards: healthcare reform, energy independence, new jobs, education standards and pulling troops (carefully) out of Iraq.
(4) The procedure has been adapted to the analysis of other products including domestic vanilla extracts and imitation vanilla flavorings for vanillin, ethyl vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and piperonal.
(5) Boston cream doughnuts Thick vanilla custard and a chocolate glaze: these are the foundations of the Boston Cream pie.
(6) For the custard 4 egg yolks 400ml double cream 60g caster sugar 1 tbsp cornflour 1 tsp vanilla essence (or ½ vanilla pod, split) 1 Whisk the egg yolks for a minute in a largish heat-proof bowl (you need to be able to whisk the hot cream in later without worrying about it spilling over.)
(7) If you pick up the remote and select good old vanilla BBC1, you only get to glimpse a few seconds of BBC1 before it displays a screen telling you to cough up.
(8) And for down days, when even more sweet comfort is called for, serve it slightly warm, in a thick wedge with lots of vanilla ice-cream.
(9) Orange and vanilla flavors are currently being marketed and sold, but sellers are not identifying the companies using them and the companies are not identifying themselves.
(10) A total of 122 samples of vanilla ice cream, the base product used for all flavors, prepared by eight different large firms at the Metropolitan Area of Caracas, Venezuela, were analyzed for aerobic mesophilic and psicrophilic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Filamentous fungi.
(11) For a bit of a performance, order a Trailblazer (tequila, vanilla, orange and chocolate) and watch award-winning Aussie bartender Nick literally play with fire.
(12) Ruth Joseph and Sarah Nathan, Cardiff, veggischmooze.blogspot.com Makes 10 blintzes 200g plain flour A pinch of salt 50g butter or margarine, melted 25ml olive oil 400ml milk 2 organic free-range eggs A little oil, to fry Icing sugar and sour cream, to serve For the filling 300g soft cheese 15g vanilla sugar Grated zest of ½ lemon 1-2 tbsp lemon juice, to taste Pinch of salt 50g chopped raisins or dried fruit (optional) Icing sugar and sour cream to serve 1 Put all the pancake ingredients apart from the oil and filling in a food processor and whizz.
(13) When we were little, she was always tempting us with sugary treats: a bottomless Smarties bin and her legendary coke floats – a lump of vanilla ice-cream fizzing in a glass of cold cola.
(14) Vanilla and banana smoothie George Blomfield's vanilla and banana smoothie.
(15) In this study, 5 food products (chocolate milk, pasteurized cheese, nonfat dry milk, evaporated milk, and vanilla ice cream), selected as representative dairy products, were analyzed by 11 collaborating laboratories.
(16) Recipe supplied by Bronte Aurell, Scandi Kitchen, scandikitchen.co.uk Vanilla-fried rhubarb on sugar brioche Almost like jam on toast, the rich sugary brioche is a good backdrop to the sharp rhubarb.
(17) Results indicate that sucrose was both preferred and considered sweeter than fructose in sugar cookies, white cake, and vanilla pudding; however, the reverse was true in lemonade.
(18) Overall, vanilla was found to be most similar to sugar.
(19) Satire can provide a fragrant drop of vanilla essence to the custard pie of protest.
(20) Statistical analyses of pH measurements and microbiological methods have been employed to monitor microbial activity (spoilage) in a brand of non-refrigerated mango and vanilla flavoured ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk drinks in Nigeria.