What's the difference between linkage and recombination?

Linkage


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of linking; the state of being linked; also, a system of links.
  • (n.) Manner of linking or of being linked; -- said of the union of atoms or radicals in the molecule.
  • (n.) A system of straight lines or bars, fastened together by joints, and having certain of their points fixed in a plane. It is used to describe straight lines and curves in the plane.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The presence of O-glycosidic linkages between carbohydrate and protein in the DF3 antigenic site was further supported by the presence of NaBH4-sensitive sites.
  • (2) Twelve families with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) were studied by linkage analysis using 10 polymorphic marker loci from the X-chromosome pericentromeric region.
  • (3) A complex linkage between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix is illustrated both in the cord forming Sertoli and granulosa cells, and in the adjacent mesenchymal cells.
  • (4) The assumption was also corroborated using reagents from a family in which DR3 and DQw2 were not found in the usually described linkage.
  • (5) This linkage information was used to design complementation tests to determine allelism with previously characterized complementation groups affecting sensitivity to radiation.
  • (6) Sensitivity and specificity were enhanced when we linked multiple predictors, but this linkage was seldom successful because few patients had more than one positive predictor.
  • (7) Analysis of the product by equilibrium density centrifugation and processive hydrolysis with snake venom phosphodiesterase suggested that the noncomplementary nucleotides were present in phosphodiester linkage.
  • (8) The same segments have been described to be responsible for the hexamer-hexamer linkage (Yu, M.-H. & Glazer, A.N.
  • (9) The two disorders may associate within families through genetic linkage or a failure of neurotransmitter homoeostasis.
  • (10) Isopycnic analyses of the ribonucleotide initiated fd DNA replication products demonstrated covalent linkage between the initiator RNA and newly synthesized DNA.
  • (11) The others had the structures galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl-4-methylumbelliferone and galactosyl-xylosyl-4-methylumbelliferone, respectively, representing the linkage region between the glycosaminoglycan chains and core protein, except that 4-methylumbelliferone replaced the amino acid.
  • (12) Absence of linkage in a large group of families shows that lamp genes are not involved in Salla disease.
  • (13) Because each linkage project is different, the modular nature of the software allows for better control of the programming process and development of unique strategies.
  • (14) Family clustering suggests a genetic pathogenesis, but linkage to HLA or other blood group markers has not been found.
  • (15) Biosynthesis of the two N-glycosyl linkage units involves dolichol monophosphate and dolicholdiphosphate-linked saccharide precursors.
  • (16) In addition, the distances between markers in the mouse and human were similar except for one region of the conserved linkage group where we could detect a larger distance in the mouse compared to the human.
  • (17) The inter-connecting linkage system develops postnatally, and the 'tip-linkages' are already found in one-week-old mice, suggesting that the critical organization of the micromechanics of the stereocilia matures rapidly during the postnatal period.
  • (18) Using molecular probes to examine somatic cell lines and recombinant inbred and congenic strains of mice, we have re-evaluated these linkage relationships.
  • (19) We now report linkage between CF and pJ3.11 (Z = 4.92, theta = 0) and between CF and 7C22 (Z = 3.42, theta = 0).
  • (20) Recently, a gene for ITD (DYT1) in a non-Jewish kindred was located on chromosome 9q32-34, with tight linkage to the gene encoding gelsolin (GSN).

Recombination


Definition:

  • (n.) Combination a second or additional time.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) We were able to detect genetic recombination between vaccine strains of PRV following in vitro or in vivo coinoculation of 2 strains of PRV.
  • (2) LPS also abrogated the ability of recombinant interferon-gamma (r.IFN-gamma) to enhance macrophage larvicidal activity.
  • (3) A full-length cDNA encoding porcine heart aconitase was derived from lambda gt10 recombinant clones and by amplification of the 5' end of the mRNA.
  • (4) To determine whether or not the glycan moieties in hTPO play a role in the disease-associated epitopes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, radiolabeled recombinant hTPO was immunoprecipitated after digestion with N-glycanase.
  • (5) The haplotype of the recombinant X chromosome of each of 241 backcross progeny has been established using the X-linked anchor loci Otc, Hprt, Dmd, Pgk-1, and Amg and the additional probes DXSmh43 and Cbx-rs1.
  • (6) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
  • (7) The relative potencies compared to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) in displacing [125I]IGF-2 from rat liver membranes were recombinant truncated IGF-1, 0.3% and recombinant IGF-1, 0.2%.
  • (8) The canine system allows quantitative separation of native heme containing alpha and beta chains which recombine to for tetrameric hemoglobin with normal functional properties (n = 2.17).
  • (9) Conjugational recombination in Escherichia coli was investigated by monitoring synthesis of the lacZ+ product, beta-galactosidase, in crosses between lacZ mutants.
  • (10) To augment the in vitro expansion of LAK cells, we added highly purified human recombinant interleukin-2, phytohemagglutinin and accessory cells (Uc cells) to the LAK culture system, with which huge number of LAK cells (LAK-L) were generated from originally small number of peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients.
  • (11) Three distinct antigenic regions of bovine somatotropin (bST) were identified on the basis of the ability of a set of monoclonal antibodies to bind to proteolytic fragments and deletion variants of recombinant bST (rbST) in Western blot analyses.
  • (12) The coding sequence for Spirulina platensis acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS, EC 4.1.3.18) is shown to be contained within a 4.2 Kb ClaI fragment (ilvX) that has been cloned from a recombinant lambda library.
  • (13) The yield of the process is also shown to be particularly dependent on the recombinant protein concentration.
  • (14) Analysis of genetic markers associated with the deleted haplotypes pointed to the independent origin of similar deletions and the involvement of intergenic sequences in the mispairing-recombination process.
  • (15) Unlike unattenuated virus, the Us3::pgC-lacZ recombinant caused little apparent damage to normal hippocampal morphology.
  • (16) Immunogenic or pathogenic factors of recombinant proteins (rBCSP20, rBCSP-31, and rBCSP45 of Brucella abortus strain 19) for mice were compared with factors of a proteinase K-treated lipopolysaccharide extracted from B abortus strain 2308.
  • (17) The majority of the recombinants had received all the other gene segments from the sensitive parent strain.
  • (18) When CO was photolytically dissociated from the reduced protein two recombination processes were observed with rates almost identical with those observed in the stopped-flow experiments (k+1 = 3.3 X 10(3)M-1-S-1 and k+2 = 6.0 X 10(2)M-1-S-1).
  • (19) In 130 patients, who were considered to be anti-HTLV-I positive or negative by the PA method, we compared the anti-HTLV-I detection rates and the specificity of the following three EIA methods: the Ei-test ATL and two new EIA methods using different recombinant antigens which recognize different sites.
  • (20) Neurospora crassa mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid shows strict uniparental inheritance in sexual crosses, with a notable absence of mixtures and recombinant types that appear frequently in heteroplasmons.

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