(n.) Learning; acquaintance with letters or books.
(n.) The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a given country or period; as, the literature of Biblical criticism; the literature of chemistry.
(n.) The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres.
(n.) The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work.
Example Sentences:
(1) Only 81 cases are reported in the international literature.
(2) The analysis is based on the personal experience of the authors with 117 cases and the review of 223 cases published in the literature.
(3) Because of the small number of patients reported in the world literature and lack of controlled studies, the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the larynx remains controversial; this retrospective analysis suggests that combination chemotherapy plus radiation offers the best chance for cure.
(4) The effects of glucagon-induced insulin secretion upon this lipid regulation are discussed that may resolve conflicting reports in the literature are resolved.
(5) Mutational mosaicism was used as a developmental model to analyze 1,500 sporadic and 179 familial cases of retinoblastoma from the world literature.
(6) A re-examination of the literature indicates that many phagocytes previously unidentified or considered to be microglial cells are probably beta astrocytes.
(7) A review is made from literature and an inventory of psychological and organic factors implicated in this pathology.
(8) The literature on depression and immunity is reviewed and the clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
(9) The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in atypical pneumonias can be considered confirmed according to the availabile literature; its importance for other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, particularly for chronic bronchitis, is not yet sufficiently clear.
(10) Based upon our clinical experience and this review of the literature, a suggested management protocol is presented.
(11) These data, compared with literature findings, support the idea that intratumoral BCG instillation of bladder cancer permits a longer disease-free period than other therapeutical approaches.
(12) In agreement with the data in the literature, melanocytes incubated with IFN-gamma acquire HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP antigens.
(13) The literature is reviewed to define the role of the different treatment modalities.
(14) Therefore, we performed meta-analysis of literature reports in Japan (n = 3), the USA (n = 4), and Europe (n = 20) on the risk of postgastrectomy cancer.
(15) The mother in Arthur Ransome's children's classic, Swallows and Amazons, is something of a cipher, but her inability to make basic decisions does mean she receives one of the finest telegrams in all literature.
(16) A review of the literature reveals no similar case.
(17) Short-forms of Wechsler intelligence tests have abounded in the literature and have been recommended for use as screening instruments in clinical and research settings.
(18) After examining the cases reported in literature (Sacks, Barabas, Beighton Sykes), they point out that, contrary to what is generally believed, the syndrome is not rare and cases, sporadic or familial, of recurrent episodes of spontaneous rupture of the intestine and large vessels or peripheral arteries are frequent.
(19) On the basis of reports in the literature and of our own clinical experience it appears that melanocyte inhibiting factor (MIF) is a very promising therapeutic agent in the management of Parkinson's disease.
(20) Her novels have an enduring and universal appeal and she is recognised as one of the greatest writers in English literature.
Philological
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Philologic
Example Sentences:
(1) After the war, Auerbach notes mournfully, the standardisation of ideas, and greater and greater specialisation of knowledge gradually narrowed the opportunities for the kind of investigative and everlastingly inquiring kind of philological work that he had represented; and, alas, it's an even more depressing fact that since Auerbach's death in 1957 both the idea and practice of humanistic research have shrunk in scope as well as in centrality.
(2) After a brief philologic introduction on some correlated concepts of pathogenesis we suggest the concept of pathological physiognomy of the organs.
(3) His methods were derived from the tradition of Indo-European philology.
(4) His great book Mimesis, published in Berne in 1946 but written while Auerbach was a wartime exile teaching Romance languages in Istanbul, was meant to be a testament to the diversity and concreteness of the reality represented in western literature from Homer to Virginia Woolf; but reading the 1951 essay one senses that, for Auerbach, the great book he wrote was an elegy for a period when people could interpret texts philologically, concretely, sensitively, and intuitively, using erudition and an excellent command of several languages to support the kind of understanding that Goethe advocated for his understanding of Islamic literature.
(5) 3) the philological-technical approach, which attempts an interpretation using the above philological approach supplemented by a consideration of the present-day function of a particular instrument or procedure.
(6) The various neuropsychological, medical and philological aspects of these terms are discussed.
(7) The analysis agrees with anthropological and philological evidence for population movements from Asia to Europe.
(8) Thirty years ago the term gender was borrowed from philology for use in sexological psychology in a paper on hermaphroditism (Money, 1955).
(9) A graduate in philology, the study of historical texts, she says she is aiming to earn enough to bring her daughter to the UK to attend college, as well as her husband.
(10) Any such modern explanation of the quantitative phenomenon is, however, hypothetical, all the more so as the philological observation of the phenomenon is not unproblematical.
(11) F. Max Müller, Oxford's professor of comparative philology, drew on Kant's work, Romantic Naturphilosophie, and his views on the history of language and the relation of language to thought to maintain that language showed a difference not in degree but in kind between man and the lower primates.
(12) 2) the philological approach, involving a Constitutio textus, the etymological analysis of the instrument's name and an examination of parallel references.
(13) To young people of the current generation the very idea of philology suggests something impossibly antiquarian and musty, but philology in fact is the most basic and creative of the interpretive arts.
(14) The main requirement for the kind of philological understanding Auerbach and his predecessors were talking about and tried to practise was one that sympathetically and subjectively entered into the life of a written text as seen from the perspective of its time and its author.
(15) On the one hand Sudhoff thought the philologic historical method to be the appropriate one for the investigation of the history of ancient medicine, on the other hand he did not think it to be indispensable for the medical historians.
(16) Rather than alienation and hostility to another time and a different culture, philology as applied to Weltliteratur involved a profound humanistic spirit deployed with generosity and, if I may use the word, hospitality.
(17) It was virtually as an afterthought that he added a social evolutionary component to what he conceived of as an exercise in philology.