(n.) Learning; acquaintance with letters or books.
(n.) The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a given country or period; as, the literature of Biblical criticism; the literature of chemistry.
(n.) The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres.
(n.) The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work.
Example Sentences:
(1) Only 81 cases are reported in the international literature.
(2) The analysis is based on the personal experience of the authors with 117 cases and the review of 223 cases published in the literature.
(3) Because of the small number of patients reported in the world literature and lack of controlled studies, the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the larynx remains controversial; this retrospective analysis suggests that combination chemotherapy plus radiation offers the best chance for cure.
(4) The effects of glucagon-induced insulin secretion upon this lipid regulation are discussed that may resolve conflicting reports in the literature are resolved.
(5) Mutational mosaicism was used as a developmental model to analyze 1,500 sporadic and 179 familial cases of retinoblastoma from the world literature.
(6) A re-examination of the literature indicates that many phagocytes previously unidentified or considered to be microglial cells are probably beta astrocytes.
(7) A review is made from literature and an inventory of psychological and organic factors implicated in this pathology.
(8) The literature on depression and immunity is reviewed and the clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
(9) The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in atypical pneumonias can be considered confirmed according to the availabile literature; its importance for other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, particularly for chronic bronchitis, is not yet sufficiently clear.
(10) Based upon our clinical experience and this review of the literature, a suggested management protocol is presented.
(11) These data, compared with literature findings, support the idea that intratumoral BCG instillation of bladder cancer permits a longer disease-free period than other therapeutical approaches.
(12) In agreement with the data in the literature, melanocytes incubated with IFN-gamma acquire HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP antigens.
(13) The literature is reviewed to define the role of the different treatment modalities.
(14) Therefore, we performed meta-analysis of literature reports in Japan (n = 3), the USA (n = 4), and Europe (n = 20) on the risk of postgastrectomy cancer.
(15) The mother in Arthur Ransome's children's classic, Swallows and Amazons, is something of a cipher, but her inability to make basic decisions does mean she receives one of the finest telegrams in all literature.
(16) A review of the literature reveals no similar case.
(17) Short-forms of Wechsler intelligence tests have abounded in the literature and have been recommended for use as screening instruments in clinical and research settings.
(18) After examining the cases reported in literature (Sacks, Barabas, Beighton Sykes), they point out that, contrary to what is generally believed, the syndrome is not rare and cases, sporadic or familial, of recurrent episodes of spontaneous rupture of the intestine and large vessels or peripheral arteries are frequent.
(19) On the basis of reports in the literature and of our own clinical experience it appears that melanocyte inhibiting factor (MIF) is a very promising therapeutic agent in the management of Parkinson's disease.
(20) Her novels have an enduring and universal appeal and she is recognised as one of the greatest writers in English literature.
Zero
Definition:
(n.) A cipher; nothing; naught.
(n.) The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a thermometer, commences.
(n.) Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion; as, his patience had nearly reached zero.
Example Sentences:
(1) The method is implemented with a digital non-causal (zero-phase shift) filter, based on the convolution with a finite impulse response, to make the computation time compatible with the use of low-cost microcomputers.
(2) Of great influence on the results of measurements are preparation and registration (warm-up-time, amplification, closeness of pressure-system, unhurt catheters), factors relating to equipment and methods (air-bubbles in pressure-system, damping by filters, continuous infusion of the micro-catheter, level of zero-pressure), factors which occur during intravital measurement (pressure-drop along the arteria pulmonalis, influence of normal breathing, great intrapleural pressure changes, pressure damping in the catheter by thrombosis and external disturbances) and last not least positive and negative acceleration forces, which influence the diastolic and systolic pulmonary artery pressure.
(3) The final model has a probability 0.08 of underlying survival time being zero and, given non-zero survival time, takes the form of an exponential distribution with mean of 14.95 months.
(4) Robert Francis QC's official report in February on the Mid Staffordshire care scandal, in which an estimated 400 to 1,200 patients died unnecessarily at Stafford hospital between 2005 and 2008, called for the NHS to make "zero harm" its objective.
(5) Proper maintenance of body orientation was defined to be achieved if the net angular displacement of the head-and-trunk segment was zero during the flight phase of the long jump.
(6) Electromagnetic flow probes with an inner diameter of 2, 1.5 and 1 nm were used for studies on zero-line drifting and for calibration procedures in a series of rats and rabbits.
(7) The open probability is weakly voltage dependent, large at zero and positive potentials (cytoplasm minus SR lumen), and decreasing at negative potentials.
(8) Stepwise depolarizations from the holding potential (-67 to -83 mV) to a potential which varied from -10 to +63 mV resulted in an exponential decline of h from its initial level to a final, non-zero level.
(9) Average increases in nonvellus hair counts between months 4 and 12 were 216, 181, and 264 in the 2% minoxidil, 3% minoxidil, and placebo-to-3% minoxidil crossover groups, respectively, all highly significant differences from zero (p = 0.0001).
(10) For data sampled at a high rate (approximately 200 Hz) pupil velocity deviations from zero can simply be used, giving a satisfactory inaccuracy of about 5 ms. For data sampled at a low rate (less than 50 Hz), e.g.
(11) In 15 patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests before and following intravenous administration of 75 U. per kilogram of heparin at zero, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were determined for study of control of anticoagulant adequacy.
(12) As an index of inhomogeneous distribution of inspired air, the mean dilution number (the ratio of the first to zero moments) was calculated from each multibreath nitrogen washout during spontaneous breathing.
(13) Blood pressure was measured with a random-zero sphygmomanometer every 2 weeks of this 8-week trial.
(14) Pairwise correlation between an affected parent and child is zero: The disease is monogenic (no major expression gene).
(15) Where no fluoride was taken zero dmf scores were 41-69 per cent.
(16) He deploys a zero-risk strategy aimed at keeping his rightwing political base behind him, while convincing the public that he alone could lead the country in times of regional turmoil.
(17) Furthermore, the value of the flux ratio for this substance under conditions of zero electrochemical potential across the bowel wall unequivocally demonstrates active transport.
(18) As a result, more and more people are beginning to look towards Irish reunification as being a real possibility.” The overriding issue, however, in this most marginal constituency in Northern Ireland is the old binary, sectarian one: the zero-sum game of orange versus green.
(19) A reduction of tidal volume to zero or an increase by 30% led to a corresponding change of mean carotid artery pH level.
(20) The incidence of probable type B viral hepatitis in patients receiving factor IX concentrate was 13.8 percent (four of 29) versus zero percent (zero of 29) in control patients (difference not significant).