What's the difference between lobeline and soluble?
Lobeline
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) as a yellow oil, having a tobaccolike taste and odor.
Example Sentences:
(1) Additional experiments demonstrated that lobeline suppressed the conversion of exogenous progesterone to testosterone, but did not affect the conversion of exogenous 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone.
(2) Bath superfusion of nicotine or the nicotinic stimulants dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), lobeline, cytisine, tetramethylammonium or suberyldicholine (up to 100 microM) had little or no effect on the extracellular N-wave amplitude, or the membrane potential, input resistance or excitability of olfactory neurones recorded intracellularly.
(3) Interestingly, in the presence of the ganglionic stimulants DMPP (n = 6 slices) or lobeline (n = 5 slices) (10-50 microM), the effects of carbachol or oxotremorine-M were antagonized in a weak competitive-type manner (pA2 values = 5.58 and 5.63 respectively, estimated from Schild plots, constrained to unity slope).
(4) Although ineffective as stimulators of steroidogenesis by themselves, the three nicotinic receptor-selective agonists lobeline, dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), and phenyltrimethylammonium iodide (PTMA) inhibited FSH-induced progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one production in dose-dependent fashions.
(5) Based on the concentrations in brain and known affinities for high-affinity nicotine binding sites, in vivo tests should show cytisine to be slightly more potent than nicotine and lobeline to have nicotine effects in the doses used.
(6) Lobeline inhibition of hCG-stimulated testosterone production was accompanied by decreases in medium accumulation of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (75%), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (85%), dehydroepiandrosterone (50%), and androstenedione (61%); however, the medium content of pregnenolone and progesterone were unchanged.
(7) In addition we found that (-)nicotine, (+)nicotine, and lobeline, but not the nicotine metabolite (-)cotinine nor acetylcholine, were able to displace [3H]dizocilpine ([3H]MK 801) binding in well-washed membranes obtained from rat brain.
(8) The lobeline sulphate seems to produce both in SEEG and hippocampus a shift toward low frequencies and in amygdala a drift toward high frequencies.
(9) Previous work has suggested that cytisine and lobeline are of low potency in producing nicotine-like behavioural effects, despite having some nicotine-like peripheral effects and potently inhibiting the binding of tritiated nicotine to the brain of the rat.
(10) Lobeline failed to produce a nicotine-like discriminative effect, even at doses that greatly reduced overall rates of responding.
(11) One of the most potent antagonists to nicotine was alpha-lobeline.
(12) Bilateral lesions of the paramedian reticular area of medulla destroying the PRN, abolished or reversed the depressor response to electrical stimulation of myelinated fibres of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), attenuated the depressor response to carotid sinus stretch and augmented the pressor response to chemoreceptor stimulation by lobeline.
(13) Repeated administration of DMPP did not cause a tachphylaxis, however, lobeline and nicotine did induce a tachphylaxis.
(14) The N-cholinomimetic -- lobeline potentiates the evoked response of the brain cortex, whereas the N-cholinolytic -- beta-ethylene-splasmolytin -- depresses it.
(15) The rank order of inhibitory potencies was lobeline greater than DMPP greater than PTMA with IC50 values of 2 X 10(-6) M, 3 X 10(-5) M, and 3 X 10(-4) M, respectively.
(16) The pKa of (-)-lobeline HCl at 25 degrees C is 8.6 (approx), indicating that (-)-lobeline is at least 90% in the protonated form at physiological pH (7.6).
(17) The clastogenicity of lobeline and possible interactions between lobeline and ethyl alcohol were investigated in a mutagen-sensitivity assay on cultures of human lymphoblastoid cell lines.
(18) The effects of ethylketazocine (EKC) administered intraperitoneally and the nicotinic ligands (-)- and (+)-nicotine, (-)-cytisine, (-)-lobeline, and (+)-2-methylpiperidine administered into the 4th ventricle on the latency of the thermally evoked withdrawal reflex of the decerebrate rat were investigated.
(19) Lobeline administration induced an hyperpnea due to both an increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate; this increase in ventilation lasted for about 90 s and was accompanied by a sharp rise in the respiratory peak airflows, especially the expiratory ones.
(20) To determine whether this effect is elicited by other nicotinic agonists found in tobacco, the effects of chronic infusion with nicotine on brain nicotinic receptors were compared with those after anabasine and lobeline.
Soluble
Definition:
(a.) Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution; as, some substances are soluble in alcohol which are not soluble in water.
(a.) Susceptible of being solved; as, a soluble algebraic problem; susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or explained; as, the mystery is perhaps soluble.
(a.) Relaxed; open or readily opened.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples are hydrolyzed with Ba (OH)2, and the hydrolysate is passed through a Dowex-50 column to remove the salts and soluble carbohydrates.
(2) Cyclic AMP stimulated phosphorylation by [gamma-32P]ATP of two proteins of apparent Mr = 20,000 and 7,000 that were concentrated in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but the stimulation was markedly dependent on the presence of added soluble cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
(3) We measured soluble CD8 (sCD8) levels in the CSF of patients with MS, other inflammatory neurologic diseases (INDs), and noninflammatory neurologic diseases (NINDs).
(4) The results indicate that OA-bearing macrophages primed T cells and generated helper T cells, whereas the culture of normal lymphocytes with soluble OA in the absence of macrophages generated suppressor T cells.
(5) This mAb inhibited monocyte binding of both soluble FITC-labeled IgA and IgA-coated E, whereas it did not inhibit IgG binding.
(6) In the liver of albino rats with experimental thyrotoxicosis a study was made of nucleic acids and some indices of phosphorus metabolism: total and inorganic phosphorus, total and acid-soluble phosphorus, phosphorus of RNA, DNA and phosphoproteins.
(7) After immunoadsorbent purification, the final step in a purification procedure similar to that adopted for colon cancer CEA, two main molecular species were identified: 1) Material identical with colon cancer CEA with respect to molecular size, PCA solubility, ability to bind to Con A, and most important the ability to bind to specific monkey anti-CEA serum.
(8) Water soluble fraction (SF) of SRBC was obtained by hypotonic lysis and ultracentrifugation.
(9) At concentrations several hundredfold higher than the equivalents present in the minimum concentration of rat skin soluble collagen required for platelet aggregation, neither Hyl-Gal (at 29 muM) nor Hyl-Gal-Glc (at 18 muM) caused platelet aggregation or inhibited platelet aggregation by native collagen.
(10) Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the soluble form (S-COMT) of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) were produced using a purified preparation of the enzyme from pig liver as antigen.
(11) TPIA itself has no effect on the pattern of protein labeling in either the "soluble" or a plasma membrane-enriched fraction.
(12) At physiologic doses (10(-8) M) estradiol inhibits the binding at a significant extent on the soluble receptor, but not on membrane-bound form.
(13) We then used synthetic peptides spanning the active fragment to identify the primary sequence of the adhesive site as Leu-Arg-Glu (LRE): neurons attach to an immobilized LRE-containing peptide, and soluble LRE blocks attachment of neurons to the s-laminin fragment.
(14) Zona pellucida solubility, plasminogen activator production, and plasminogen conversion to plasmin increased as embryonic stage advanced; however, plasminogen activator production and plasmin conversion to plasmin were poorly correlated with zona pellucida solubility.
(15) One cellulase is buffer-soluble, the other buffer-insoluble but extractable with high salt concentrations.
(16) Using a soluble ICAM-2 Ig fusion protein (receptor globulin, Rg) we demonstrate the costimulatory effect of ICAM-2 during the activation of CD4+ T cells.
(17) A significant proportion of the soluble protein of the organic matrix of mollusk shells is composed of a repeating sequence of aspartic acid separated by either glycine or serine.
(18) In a previous publication the purification and properties of two protein kinases (KI and KII) from a soluble fraction of bovine corpus luteum and the stimulation of the latter fol.
(19) It was readily soluble, however, in nonpolar solvents such as n-hexane and chloroform.
(20) The binding of 125I-labeled core protein to immobilized fibronectin was inhibited by soluble fibronectin and by soluble cold core protein but not by albumin or gelatin.