(n.) An organ for aerial respiration; -- commonly in the plural.
Example Sentences:
(1) From 1982 to 1989, bronchoplasty or segmental bronchoplasty and pulmonary arterioplasty in combination with lobectomy and segmentectomy were performed for 9 patients with central type lung carcinoma.
(2) The effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on growth of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines was studied.
(3) These results indicated that the PG determination was the most accurate predictor of fetal lung well-being prior to birth among the clinical tests so far reported.
(4) Morphological alterations in the lungs of pheasants after prolonged high-dosage administration of bleomycin sulfate were studied by light and electron microscopy.
(5) When perfusion of the affected lung was less than one-third of the total the tumour was found to be unresectable.
(6) Attempts are now being made to use this increased understanding to produce effective killed vaccines that produce immune responses in the lung.
(7) Because many wnt genes are also expressed in the lung, we have examined whether the wnt family member wnt-2 (irp) plays a role in lung development.
(8) The inhibitory effects were stronger in A549 lung cancer cells than in HEL cells at the same TFP dose.
(9) The amino acid pools in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were measured as a function of time during hyperthermic exposure at 40.5 degrees and 45.0 degrees C. Sixteen of the 20 protein amino acids were present in sufficient quantity to measure accurately.
(10) Macroscopic lesions included mild congestion of the gastric mucosa and focal consolidation of the lung.
(11) Anesthetized sheep (n = 6) previously prepared with a lung lymph fistula underwent 2 hr of tourniquet ischemia of both lower limbs.
(12) Lung sections of rats exposed to quartz particles were significantly different.
(13) Over the past decade the use of monoclonal antibodies has greatly advanced our knowledge of the biological properties and heterogeneity that exist within human tumours, and in particular in lung cancer.
(14) The reduction rates of peripheral leukocytes, lung Schiff bases and lung water content were not identical in rats depleted from leukocyte after inhalation injury.
(15) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(16) This study compares anaesthesia with controlled ventilation of the lungs with atracurium and alfentanil analgesia with halothane anaesthesia.
(17) The review provides an update of drug-induced pulmonary disorders, focusing on newer agents whose effects on the lung have been studied recently.
(18) We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients).
(19) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(20) Lung metastases leading to death were observed in one patient with small-cell osteosarcoma despite complete destruction of the primary tumor by preoperative chemotherapy.
Lungfish
Definition:
(n.) Any fish belonging to the Dipnoi; -- so called because they have both lungs and gills.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two of the corresponding lungfish trypsins were found to have identical amino-terminal sequences for at least 27 residues.
(2) Modern lungfish are air-breathing nonmarine forms, yet their Devonian forebears were marine fish that did not breathe air.
(3) The feeding mechanism of the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa retains many primitive teleostome characteristics.
(4) The development of the vasculature of the pectoral fin in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, was studied by the dye-injection method.
(5) Effects of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs were studied on isolated preparations from the heart, the lung and the spleen of the African lungfish.
(6) The overall pattern of the primary retinofugal projections is markedly similar to that of amphibians which suggests that lungfishes may be more closely related to amphibians than to actinopterygian fishes.
(7) Because there is such similarity between these results and effect of lung inflation on control of inspiratory time in mammals, it is postulated that neural circuits for control of respiratory timing were already developed and similar in the lungfish.
(8) Besides supporting the theory that land vertebrates arose from an offshoot of the lineage leading to lungfishes, the molecular tree facilitates an evolutionary interpretation of the morphological differences among the living forms.
(9) These results provide the first evidence for the presence of alpha-MSH-related peptides in the brain of a lungfish.
(10) Comarisons have been made of the structure of layers lining the lungs of lungfish, frog and rat using material fixed by perfusion of the pulmonary circulation of physiological pressures and at normal air pressures within the lung.
(11) Blood respiratory properties have been studied in awake and estivating African lungfish, Protopterus amphibius.
(12) Ascending PVO projections appear to be particularly well developed in lungfish compared with other species and may be related to specialized endocrine mechanisms in this group of vertebrates.
(13) Among living fish, the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae (Actinistia), which is the only recent representative of the Crossopterygii (Actinistia and Rhipidistia), the lungfish (Dipnoi) and ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), have each been considered as sister-groups of the tetrapods.
(14) Lungfish fructose diphosphatase is inhibited by low concentrations of AMP, and the affinity of the enzyme for AMP is insensitive to temperature.
(15) Meyer and Wilson's (1990) 12S rRNA phylogeny unites lungfish and tetrapods to the exclusion of the coelacanth.
(16) The telencephalon of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, was studied by immunohistochemical techniques in order to identify the major subdivisions of the telencephalon and determine the possible homologues of these subdivisions, if any, in other vertebrates.
(17) As in the lungfish Protopterus, Polypterus cerebrosides and sulfatides contained alpha-hydroxy fatty acids.
(18) It attests to the close phylogenetic relationship of lungfishes to amphibians.
(19) The dorsomedial part of the lepidosirenid telencephalon corresponds to the septum in the most plesiomorphic living lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, but it differs considerably from the dorsomedial telencephalon (medial pallium) in amphibians.
(20) The course of the nervus terminalis through the dorsomedial telencephalon in lungfishes supports the interpretation that this part of the brain constitutes the septum, and not a pallial structure.