(n.) An organ for aerial respiration; -- commonly in the plural.
Example Sentences:
(1) From 1982 to 1989, bronchoplasty or segmental bronchoplasty and pulmonary arterioplasty in combination with lobectomy and segmentectomy were performed for 9 patients with central type lung carcinoma.
(2) The effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on growth of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines was studied.
(3) These results indicated that the PG determination was the most accurate predictor of fetal lung well-being prior to birth among the clinical tests so far reported.
(4) Morphological alterations in the lungs of pheasants after prolonged high-dosage administration of bleomycin sulfate were studied by light and electron microscopy.
(5) When perfusion of the affected lung was less than one-third of the total the tumour was found to be unresectable.
(6) Attempts are now being made to use this increased understanding to produce effective killed vaccines that produce immune responses in the lung.
(7) Because many wnt genes are also expressed in the lung, we have examined whether the wnt family member wnt-2 (irp) plays a role in lung development.
(8) The inhibitory effects were stronger in A549 lung cancer cells than in HEL cells at the same TFP dose.
(9) The amino acid pools in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were measured as a function of time during hyperthermic exposure at 40.5 degrees and 45.0 degrees C. Sixteen of the 20 protein amino acids were present in sufficient quantity to measure accurately.
(10) Macroscopic lesions included mild congestion of the gastric mucosa and focal consolidation of the lung.
(11) Anesthetized sheep (n = 6) previously prepared with a lung lymph fistula underwent 2 hr of tourniquet ischemia of both lower limbs.
(12) Lung sections of rats exposed to quartz particles were significantly different.
(13) Over the past decade the use of monoclonal antibodies has greatly advanced our knowledge of the biological properties and heterogeneity that exist within human tumours, and in particular in lung cancer.
(14) The reduction rates of peripheral leukocytes, lung Schiff bases and lung water content were not identical in rats depleted from leukocyte after inhalation injury.
(15) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(16) This study compares anaesthesia with controlled ventilation of the lungs with atracurium and alfentanil analgesia with halothane anaesthesia.
(17) The review provides an update of drug-induced pulmonary disorders, focusing on newer agents whose effects on the lung have been studied recently.
(18) We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients).
(19) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(20) Lung metastases leading to death were observed in one patient with small-cell osteosarcoma despite complete destruction of the primary tumor by preoperative chemotherapy.
Lungless
Definition:
(a.) Being without lungs.
Example Sentences:
(1) The theory is applied to analysis of gas exchange data obtained in an elasmobranch fish, domestic fowl, dog and a lungless salamander.
(2) Salamanders sustained exercise at slow speeds for over 2 h. The greatest decline in endurance (i.e., from 120 to 10 min) occurred at speeds below the maximum aerobic speed, where being lungless may have little consequence.
(3) To determine the effects of thermal acclimation upon locomotor performance and the rate of oxygen consumption (MO2) during activity, small (less than 3 g), lungless salamanders, Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope, were acclimated to three temperatures (5, 13 and 21 degrees C) and exercised at various controlled speeds within an exercise wheel while their MO2 was measured.
(4) In the lungless salamander Desmognathus fuscus, mean body weight 4.5 g, the changes in total body concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP) and lactate (LA) were measured during exposure to a severely hypoxic atmosphere (PO2 = 25 Torr) for 48 h at 13 degrees C. ATP and CP decreased, reaching a minimum at 3 h of exposure, and LA increased, attaining maximum values after 12 to 24 h of hypoxia.
(5) The effects of local environmental PO2 on cutaneous blood flow (Q) and the membrane diffusing capacity of the skin (D) were investigated in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, and the lungless salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus.
(6) To quantify diffusion limitation in cutaneous gas exchange, the elimination of two inert gases of different diffusivity, Freon 22 (CHC1F2) and acetylene (C2H2), was measured simultaneously in exclusively skin-breathing lungless salamanders, Desmognathus quadramaculatus.
(7) In five species of lungless salamanders, family Plethodontidae, which all show highly developed visual abilities, the ultrastructure of the optic nerve was investigated and the total number of retinal ganglion cell axons, the percentage of myelinated axons, and the volume densities of glia and axons were determined.
(8) As an example the evolution of feeding mechanisms in salamanders, especially in the lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae, is discussed.
(9) Similar control of cutaneous gas exchange is absent in the lungless salamander.
(10) During their evolution, many species of lungless salamanders (fam.
(11) In vertebrates, the latter has been developed only in lungless salamanders (Desmognatus fuscus) and in the embryos of the oviparous species.
(12) Lungless Salamanders of the family Plethodontidae have a reduced interatrial septum.
(13) The results suggest that, with respect to the pattern of arborization and stratification of dendrites, lungless salamanders possess morphological classes of RGC similar to those found in frogs, but the morphology of RGCs in lungless salamanders seems to be simplified in comparison to frog RGCs.