What's the difference between makeshift and substitution?

Makeshift


Definition:

  • (n.) That with which one makes shift; a temporary expedient.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Protesters crawl out from the tents they have pitched on the cobblestones and huddle in the cold around makeshift fires, as volunteers distribute hot tea and soup.
  • (2) Facebook Twitter Pinterest Alton Sterling’s family give emotional statement after police killing Someone set up a makeshift podium in the parking lot and a public address system.
  • (3) When they reached the car, Amburn was heaved into the boot and driven all the way back to Roland's house by the Chiemsee lake, near the Austrian border, where he was kept locked in a makeshift basement cell for four days.
  • (4) Two had died before they were rescued, and their bodies lay a few steps down the hall in the hospital chapel, now a makeshift morgue.
  • (5) Facebook Twitter Pinterest Children play at a makeshift refugee camp in the village of Idomeni, northern Greece.
  • (6) Kondoli was pushing a makeshift wooden cart with the family's bedding and pots and pans, but it looked as if it was about to fall apart.
  • (7) The protesters have dug in at the square, with a hardcore of several hundred setting up a makeshift camp with tents, log fires and soup kitchens, while a large stage blasts pop music and speeches by opposition leaders.
  • (8) In the small, echoing gym of a primary school, Rodríguez and García Sánchez took turns at a makeshift podium, outlining the key planks of the party’s platform, detailing agrarian reform to a moratorium on evictions.
  • (9) In the image above, Syrian refugee children attend a class at a makeshift school near the Syrian border on the outskirts of Mafraq, Jordan, in August 2015.
  • (10) A makeshift field hospital in the square was attacked with teargas.
  • (11) Looking pale and drawn, he says: “We are trying to find out where he is, which hospital, but everything is very difficult here … I am trying, but it is difficult.” Hussain, speaking outside the makeshift field hospital run by medical charity Médicins du Monde, says his cousin Sadiq suffered serious head and chest injuries as the pair clung on to a moving train in the early hours of the morning.
  • (12) The 18-year-old Sheyi Ojo became the youngest goalscorer in Liverpool’s FA Cup history and João Carlos Teixeira was also on the scoresheet in the 3-0 victory as Klopp’s makeshift side secured a fourth-round tie at home to West Ham United.
  • (13) Vollmer died two weeks ago when a makeshift bomb exploded near his vehicle in Salman Pak, Iraq.
  • (14) Over the last 30 years, a dense canopy of trees has grown to shade its ramshackle cluster of caravans, old buses, huts and makeshift toilets, many decorated with peace slogans and abstract murals.
  • (15) Those that do make it to makeshift camps in the town of Cox’s Bazaar are facing shortages of food and water, and some are suffering from severe malnutrition.
  • (16) Most ship-breaking workers are migrants from the north who rent rooms in the warren of makeshift shanties that totter over the water’s edge.
  • (17) It was originally three bedrooms, but after we makeshifted it – changing the closets into rooms and stuff like that – we ended up with about seven "bedrooms".
  • (18) At least 2 million people have been displaced within Syria, many sheltering in bombed-out buildings or makeshift camps.
  • (19) Outside the prefabricated hut that serves as his makeshift office stand crates containing those treasured bottles of soy sauce, including one from a limited edition to mark the firm's bicentenary in 2007.
  • (20) Morsi had decamped from Itahadiya palace, the traditional seat of the president, which is now surrounded by makeshift concrete walls in anticipation of Sunday's protests.

Substitution


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.
  • (n.) The state of being substituted for another.
  • (n.) The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority.
  • (n.) The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him.
  • (n.) The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.
  • (n.) The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
  • (2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
  • (3) To clarify the functional roles of His40, Glu58, and His92, we analyzed the consequences of several amino acid substitutions (His40Ala, His40Lys, His40Asp, Glu58Ala, Glu58Gln, and His92Gln) on the kinetics of GpC transesterification.
  • (4) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
  • (5) The resonance Raman spectra of oxy and deoxy cobalt-substituted hemoglobin (CoHb) are reported.
  • (6) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
  • (7) S-methyl-l-cysteine, 2-hydroxy-4-methiol butyric acid, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and methionine peptides were the only compounds supporting growth, when substituted for methionine.
  • (8) This implies that the epitope(s) of NNA-PLA2 might comprise some substituted residues in the sequence of PLA2 homologues.
  • (9) The deletions and substitutions appear to occur in separate molecules.
  • (10) Combination of domain substitutions to generate the [Glu107,123]bFGF and [Arg19,Lys123,126]bFGF mutants did not show any additivity of the mutations on biological activity.
  • (11) N-Methoxysulphonamides showed no inhibitory activity, as predicted by the classic work of Krebs on N-substituted inhibitors.
  • (12) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
  • (13) In contrast, strains carrying the substitutions Ile-30----Phe, Gly-33----Leu, Gly-58----Leu, and Lys-34----Val and the Lys-34----Val, Glu-37----Gln double substitution were found to possess a coupled phenotype similar to that of the wild type.
  • (14) Substitutes: Andoni Zubizarreta (Spain), Lajos Detari (Hungary), Dragan Stojkovic (Yugoslavia), Igor Belanov (USSR), Preben Elkjær Larsen (Denmark), Lars Larsson (Sweden), Alexandre Zavarov (USSR).
  • (15) Lipoprotein concentrations reverted to normal after substitution with thyroxine (T4) until the euthyroid state was reached.
  • (16) Taken together with our previous studies showing that MDMA substitutes for the phenylisopropylamine stimulant (+)amphetamine, but that neither MDE nor N-OH MDA substitute for (+)amphetamine or for the phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the present results [i.e., MDMA-stimulus generalization to MDE, N-OH MDA, but not to (+)amphetamine] suggest that 1) MDMA produces effects other than those that may be considered amphetamine-like, and 2) MDE and N-OH MDA are MDMA-like agents with even less of an amphetamine-like component of action than MDMA itself.
  • (17) TK1 showed the most restricted substrate specificity but tolerated 3'-modifications of the sugar ring and some 5-substitutions of the pyrimidine ring.
  • (18) Substitution of DnaK protein with that of the mutant DnaK756 protein blocks lambda P release.
  • (19) To selectively stain polyanionic macromolecules of growth plate cartilage and to prevent artifacts induced by aqueous fixation, proximal tibial growth plates were excised from rats, slam-frozen, and freeze-substituted in 100% methanol containing the cationic dye Alcian blue.
  • (20) Plasma drug concentrations, subjective self-ratings, and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were evaluated during 24 hours after dosage.