What's the difference between malate and maleate?

Malate


Definition:

  • (n.) A salt of malic acid.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) 5) The rates of inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, apo-ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13], apo-tyrosine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.5], apo-cystathionase [EC 4.4.1.1], glucokinase [EC 2.7.1.2], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.12], and malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37] by the new cathepsin were higher than those by cathepsin B.
  • (2) These results indicate that MLO-I and MLO-II are different from L-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.2), malate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.3), L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase (EC 1.1.3.15) and glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1).
  • (3) In the presence of glycolate (glyoxylate), and NADH and NAD alone or together in physiological proportions, the rate of serine-to-glycerate conversion was enhanced and sustained by the addition of malate.
  • (4) Insertion of the fusion-generating phage Mud1 (Ap, lacZ) yielded two similar isolates, DC511 and DC512, which were unable to grow aerobically on acetate or alpha-ketoglutarate but which could use succinate, malate, fumarate, glycerol, and various sugars.
  • (5) The sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase was inactivated by X-irradiation in air-saturated aqueous solution, in the absence or presence of a variety of additives (thiols, antioxienzymes, typical radical scavengers, inorganic salts, buffer components, substrates, products, analogues).
  • (6) The rate of malate formation at 10 mM pyruvate was decreased by some 80% by 30 microM t-butylhydroperoxide.
  • (7) Activity of two unique glyoxylate cycle enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, was found in rat liver homogenates.
  • (8) Two regions of the dimer were surface loops that collided when built as a tetramer: a large loop (residues 203-207, KNOBI) and a small loop (residues 264-269, KNOBII), and these were candidates to explain the dimeric character of malate dehydrogenase.
  • (9) Analysis by six enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; malate dehydrogenase; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; phosphoglucomutase; and glucose-phosphate isomerase) showed that these stocks have identical enzyme profiles and form a distinct zymodeme grouping.
  • (10) Attempts were made to characterize mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase [L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37] (M-MDH) purified from bovine cerebrum and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for inhibition of the enzymic activity by Ag+.
  • (11) Unlike malate oxidation by osmotically shocked protoplasts, endogenous protoplast repiration was resistant to ferricianide 5.10(-4) M).
  • (12) This stimulation is blocked by the dicarboxylate translocase inhibitor, butylmalonate and can be mimiced by the non-metabolized substrate D-malate.
  • (13) According to its physical and biochemical properties, poly(L-malate) may alternatively function as a molecular chaperone in nucleosome assembly in the S phase and as both an inhibitor and a stock-piling agent of DNA-polymerase-alpha-primase in the G2 phase and M phase of the plasmodial cell cycle.
  • (14) Alloxan diabetes and injections of hydrocortisone into intact animals for 5-7 days resulted in a sharp decrease of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in rat epididymal adipose tissue.
  • (15) G. cahawbensis cytosol malate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with increasing acclimation temperature, while G. cochliaris malate dehydrogenase activity remained unchanged.
  • (16) On the other hand, no activity of D- and L-lactate, L-malate, or NAD(P)H respiration was measurable.
  • (17) No gradients were found for malate and 2-oxoglutarate.
  • (18) The coenzyme-binding site in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from pig heart was studied using dynamic fluorescence anisotropy decay.
  • (19) In studies with PEPC isolated from leaves of maize, an assay coupled with reduction of OAA to malate was compared with product analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and an assay based on Pi release.
  • (20) Malate exchange between compartments together with reversible malate dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria and cytosol also tends to equilibrate isotopically the NADH pool in these compartments.

Maleate


Definition:

  • (n.) A salt of maleic acid.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Coronary spasm was provoked by ergonovine maleate in four of 12 patients in group A (33%) and in three patients in group B (18%).
  • (2) Guinea pigs immunized by repeated exposure to aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) were intravenously given metopirone, a cortisol synthesis inhibitor, 24 hrs before and 30 min before antigen challenge, and to prevent death from immediate severe bronchoconstriction, chlorpheniramine maleate was also injected.
  • (3) This complex is characterized by an increased absorption at 430 nm together with a positive Cotton effect, as also observed in the case of the complex with the competitive inhibitor maleate indicating protonation of the internal aldimine.
  • (4) Liver was the most responsive to these agents in that all 11 chemicals increased MT concentrations in liver, with diethyl maleate, paraquat, and diamide producing 20- to 30-fold increases.
  • (5) Enalapril maleate (25 mg.kg-1.day-1 in drinking water) was started at 4-5 weeks of age.
  • (6) Tartaric acid-evoked contractions of the rat isolated fundus could not be antagonized by atropine sulphate or methysergide hydrogen maleate, but were partially reduced by mepyramine hydrochloride.
  • (7) We evaluated the efficacy of perhexiline maleate, a drug with an antianginal mechanism of action in humans that is as yet unknown, by using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design in 17 patients with refractory angina who continued to receive maximal antianginal therapy, typically including nitrates, a beta-blocker, and a calcium channel antagonist.
  • (8) Methylergonovine maleate produced painful oesophageal abnormal contractions in 5 of the 6 patients in group A.
  • (9) Neither other vasodilator agents (acetylcholine, tolazoline, histamine, isoproterenol, sodium arachidonate, the prostaglandin analog CL115, 347) nor vasoconstrictor substances (norepinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine, and ergonovine maleate) produced the same effect.
  • (10) A compound, 1'-methyl spiro (adamantane-2,3'-pyrrolidine) maleate, chemically related to the antiviral drug amantadine, was tested for activity in vitro against a number of human respiratory viruses.
  • (11) Flupirtine maleate is a centrally acting analgesic with a novel chemical structure and pharmacological profile.
  • (12) Contractions induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin or alpha-methylserotonin maleate were attenuated by pretreatment with S(-)propranolol (2.6 microM), a relatively selective 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, and ketanserin (0.3 microM), a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, respectively.
  • (13) Stable incubation medium was achieved by using tartrate, instead of maleate, as chelating for lead.
  • (14) The effect of treatment with the potent, non-competitive NMDA receptor-channel antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a, d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) on ischemia-induced brain damage was studied in a well-characterized model of focal neocortical infarction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
  • (15) We gave phosphoramidon to inhibit NEP and enalapril maleate or captopril to inhibit ACE.
  • (16) As an extension of these studies, the present paper first reports (i) an experimental investigation of the tendency of four dicarboxylic acids, namely malate, malonate, tartrate and maleate, to mixed-ligand coordination with zinc and histamine, (ii) computer-based potential effects to be expected from the association of these agents to zinc with respect to histamine tissue diffusion.
  • (17) Two antihistamines, orally administered chlorpheniramine maleate (CM) and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH) administered by intranasal spray, were used under double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled conditions to assess both tolerance and efficacy in volunteers with experimental rhinovirus (RV) colds.
  • (18) Timolol maleate is a nonselective beta-blocking drug used for the topical treatment of increased intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma.
  • (19) The pharmacokinetics of dimetindene (dimethindene maleate, Fenistil, CAS 3614-69-5) were studied after its intravenous and oral administration to 8 healthy male volunteers.
  • (20) Treatment with diethyl maleate prior to rubratoxin B administration caused an 80% reduction in hepatic and a 70% reduction in renal NPSH concentration, which was prolonged by rubratoxin B treatment.

Words possibly related to "malate"

Words possibly related to "maleate"