(a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the ethylene series, metameric with fumaric acid and obtained by heating malic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) A sensitive potentiometric monitoring method was developed that permits the continuous measurement of the disolution profiles of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride-acid copolymers and salt derivatives.
(2) Maleic acid dimethylester (MAD) was investigated in acute and subacute dermal toxicity studies, for sensitization potential, and for in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity.
(3) Maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, and L-(+)-tartaric acid, as well as other Krebs cycle acids such as citric and isocitric acids, were not accepted by the malate transport system.
(4) Maleic acid and gulanolactone, compounds structurally related to ascorbic acid but not containing the ene-diol group, had no such effect.
(5) Antibodies against cortisol-21-hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin was raised in rabbits and conjugated with poly-maleic acid anhydride.
(7) We previously synthesized a SOD derivative (SM-SOD) by linking poly(styrene co-maleic acid butyl ester) (SM) to the enzyme (Ogino, T., Inoue, M., Ando, Y., Awai, M., Maeda, H. and Morino Y.
(8) All additives tested (ethyl alcohol, glycerine, chloral hydrate, ethylene and propylene glycol, and citric, malonic and maleic acids) in varying degrees limited the conversion of hematein to insoluble compounds.
(9) Maleic anhydride (MA)-based alternating copolymers, in particular, copolymers of divinyl ether with MA containing five-member oxygen cycles in the chain, as well as furan copolymers with MA, were shown to be promising interferon inducers.
(10) Maleic acid, a nonspecific antioxidant, did not interfere with the insects' ability to remove bacterial cells from hemolymph.
(11) The effects of environmental pH on the binding and cytotoxicity of the antitumor proteins neocarzinostatin (NCS) and SMANCS [copoly(styrene-maleic acid)-conjugated NCS] to cultured cells were studied by using their fluorescent-labeled derivatives (F-drugs).
(12) Additional treatment with the chemically defined biological response modifier maleic anhydride divinyl ether copolymer (MVE-2) was able to ameliorate the myelosuppressive effects of CY and to restore normal bone marrow cellularity.
(13) The treatments were administered alone or in the presence of maleic hydrazide and X-rays.
(14) The results of studies on the effect of a new synthetic antigens: interpolymer of styrene and maleic acid (PSM) on the immunological response in rats to sheep red blood cells, and vice versa are presented.
(15) Pyrans are co-polymers of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride.
(16) A new male method of contraception by injecting a polymer, styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA), into the lumen of the vas deferens has been studied on rhesus monkeys.
(17) Monomeric native bovine serum albumin (BSA) interacted much less avidly than A-Au and BSA that was chemically modified by formaldehyde (Fm-BSA) or maleic anhydride (Mal-BSA).
(18) The genetic toxicity of 12 chemicals with sufficient data is discussed in detail: benzoin, caffeine caprolactam, ethanol, halothane, hycanthone methanesulfonate, malathion, maleic hydrazide, methotrexate, 1-naphthylamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine.
(19) Peritoneal macrophages (PM theta) from mice treated intraperitoneally with the unique polyanionic compounds cyclohexyl-1,3-dioxepin maleic anhydride copolymer (CDA-MA) and 4-methyl-2-pentenoyl maleic anhydride copolymer (MP-MA) had tumoricidal activity against Lewis lung tumor cells.
(20) In maleic acid-treated rats the site and extent of tubular necrosis and the nature of urinary loss of solutes were studied.
Malic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, apples; as, malic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) After addition of triiodothyronine, malic enzyme mRNA accumulated with sigmoidal kinetics, approaching a new steady state at 36-48 h after adding hormone.
(2) In addition to detecting three major antigenic variants of malic enzyme within this group, both antisera readily reacted with Streptococcus faecalis malic enzyme.
(3) The oxidative enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway, ATP-citrate lyase, 'malic' enzyme and fatty acid synthetase also decrease markedly.
(4) Hormone therapy also caused an increase in the rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine into soluble proteins and in malic enzyme activity.
(5) Moreover, the transcriptional rate, mRNA concentration and induction of malic enzyme were increased by triiodothyronine treatment at a similar rate in both the young and old rats, but the absolute increments were lower in the old animals.
(6) The TRH treatment suppressed mitochondrial cytochrome c reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, whereas cyclo(His-Pro) reduced cytochrome c reductase and malic enzyme activities.
(7) Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase of the mycelial form were higher than those of the yeast form.
(8) These observations suggest that in the rat neostriatum there are some neurons especially able to catabolize pyruvate via cytosolic malic isoenzyme.
(9) Thus a long-lived event in thyroid hormone stimulation of malic enzyme synthesis occurred prior to transcription of a specific messenger RNA (mRNA), presumably malic enzyme mRNA.
(10) In the Ob 17 preadipocyte cell line, during adipose differentiation, T3 amplified the progressive expression of two enzymes of the lipogenic pathway, ATP-citrate lyase (ATP-CL) and malic enzyme (ME) as previously described for fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid synthesis, and in the same time-period of development.
(11) The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA for malic enzyme ((S)-malate NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40) from rat liver was determined from three overlapping cDNA clones.
(12) The specific nuclear binding of triiodothyronine (T3) (NBT3) and the activity of malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase (6PGD) were studied in the human fibroblast cell (MRC-5).
(13) 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, ethyl-2-hydroxybutyrate, malic acid, 1-butanol, benzyl alcohol and L-leucine did not act as substrates for the enzymes.
(14) Malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were highly active in the adipose tissue of mammals but were inactive in the adipose tissue of birds.
(15) Distribution of kinase activity in centrifugal fractions of both liver and heart mitochondrial sonicates was parallel to that of the two inner membrane marker enzymes succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase and quite different from that of the matrix enzyme malic dehydrogenase.
(16) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme are enzymes involved in NADPH synthesis.
(17) The antigenic enzymes, the precipitates of which are only stained by specific staining, are: aldolase, malic enzyme, acid phosphatase, peroxydase and cholinesterase.
(18) The coupling enzymes, fumarase (fumarate to L-malate) and malic enzyme (L-malate to pyruvate and NADPH), are adsorbed to nitrocellulose prior to blotting.
(19) The latter region apparently includes the malic dehydrogenase-1 gene.
(20) Some reactions, such as malic enzyme and glutamate dehydrogenase, may be inhibited or deleted with little or no adverse effect on the calculated cell growth rate.