(1) This can only be explained by movements in the incudo-malleal joint, if this is intact.
(2) These include (a) Gelfilm (no-graft) induction of tympanic membrane regrowth; (b) the use of tragal cartilage and perichondrium in columellization and in Type III neomyringostapediopexy; (c) the use of laboratory-prefabricated ossicular homografts to correct malleal-capitulum and malleal-footplate discontinuities more precisely; and (d) the circumferential approach (circumnavigation of patient's head) and anterior position of the surgeon in order to visualize the sinus tympani, retropyramidal, and retrofacial areas, obviating extensive posterior tympanotomy bone dissections.
(3) The required antagonism of the pull of the muscle is accomplished by the change of the direction of movement in the gliding incudo-malleal joint.
(4) In the regular middle-ear, the direction of this movement is changed within the ossicular chain into a predominantly upward-downward direction of the lenticular process, due to a gliding function of the incudo-malleal (IM) joint.
(5) In the normal middle ear, the gliding incudo-malleal joint, serving as a protective mechanism, confined these movements to a mean of 232 microns.
(6) Removal can be accomplished without sectioning the chorda tympani and the anterior malleal ligament.
(7) In the older literature, however, the histological structure of the incudo-malleal joint has been controversial.
(8) Therefore, the unique benefit of the tympano-malleal homograft (TMH) is that it is an effective way of replacing the malleus, the "building block" for reconstruction of the ossicular chain.
(9) A simple technique may intraoperatively reveal the gliding or ankylosed condition of incudo-malleal joint surfaces, prior to adapting the length of the prosthesis.
(10) These in- and excursions could exceed 0.5 mm, however, with an ankylosed incudo-malleal joint.
(11) In view of the normal tympano-malleal fixation, the normal static pressure accomodation in the incudo-malleal joint and the normal topological situation, monobloc implant obviates the disadvantages inherent in the columellar technique.
(12) In the normal ossicle chain, the air pressure-induced inward-outward excursions of the malleus are transformed by the gliding incudo-malleal joint, resulting predominantly in an upward and downward movement of the lenticular process.
Mallear
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Let us pay the greatest respect to the malleus and make use of the tympano-mallear complex during ossicular reconstruction.
(2) Compared to acoustically unspecialized mammals (soricids and murids), the middle ear of subterranean insectivores and rodents (twelve species of six families examined) was clearly distinguished and characterized by many common features: rather round and relatively larger eardrum without a pars flaccida; reduced gonial; loose or no connection between the malleus and the tympanic bone; reduced and straightened transversal part of the malleus; enlarged incus; increased and rather flat incudo-mallear joint; rather parallel position of the mallear manubrium and incudal crus longum in some species (and their fusion in bathyergids); reduced or even missing middle ear muscles.
(3) The mallear artery apparently is the major blood supply to the posterior half of the tympanic membrane, which is consistently better perfused than the anterior half.
(4) Measured were also the length of the plicae malleares and the height of the recessus membrane tympani anterior, posterior et superior with (2.5, 3.0 and 1.5 mm).
(5) 2) Comparative examination of the vibration amplitude at the mallear tip revealed that for a small perforation, no change in resonance frequency was noted regardless of the location of perforation and an increase in vibration amplitude was noted near the resonance frequency.
(6) In about 74%, the chorda tympani was imbedded in different zones of the plicae malleares.
(7) The placement of the prosthesis along the mallear handle did not affect sound transmission, as long as the connection between malleus and prosthesis was made inflexible.
(8) The amplitude of the anterior peak was larger than that of the mallear tip, but smaller than that of the posterior.
(9) The stapedius reflex caused: an attenuation of the mallear vibrations below 1 kHz, a slight enhancement of the vibrations between 300 Hz and 1,500 Hz.
(10) The ear drum was made to vibrate using frequency-modulated sound pulses of 40 ms duration, and the vibration velocity of the tip of the mallear handle (umbo) was measured with laser vibrometry before and during stapedius muscle contractions (elicited by sound of 100 dB HL in the contralateral ear).
(11) These effects of the stapedius reflex appear to be caused by an increased stiffness in the structures affecting the mallear vibrations.
(12) With the amplitude of the mallear tip, the same tendency was observed.
(13) The tensor tympanic fold is fused with the superior mallear fold in type C, the best-developed type (18%), with the recess being contiguous with the eustachian tube.