(1) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(2) Ernst Reissner studied the formation of the inner ear initially using the embryos of fowls, then the embryos of mammals, mainly cows and pigs, and to a less extent the embryos of man.
(3) The binaural characteristics of cells in MSO were different from those in nonecholocating mammals.
(4) The findings support our earlier suggestion that the kinetics of spermatogenesis in the quail are fundamentally similar to the pattern which has been described for mammals.
(5) So far, attempts to produce linolenic acid deficiency in mammals have not revealed an absolute requirement for n-3 fatty acids.
(6) Somewhat surprisingly then, in view of the mechanisms in mammals, birds do not seem to use this seasonal message in the photoperiodic control of reproduction.
(7) This indicates a functional relationship between material supplied via the rapid phase of axonal transport and an unimpaired transsynaptic signal transmission, previously not revealed in the central nervous system of mammals.
(8) Nucleus z in the rat was found to be similar in location to nucleus z in other mammals.
(9) Phyla as diverse as insects, birds, and mammals possess distinct HRAS and KRAS sequences, suggesting that these genes are essential to metazoa.
(10) The presence in lamprey kidney of a loop which is similar to Henle's loop in mammals and birds indicates that the development of the system of osmotic concentration conditioned by the formation in the kidney of the medulla and from a sharp increase in renal arterial blood supply.
(11) Investigations carried out in Pavlodar Province have shown that 7 species of ixodid ticks, Ixodes crenulatus, I. lividus, I. persulcatus, I. laguri laguri, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, and one brought species, Hyalomma asiaticum, parasitize domestic animals and wild mammals.
(12) Ecologic studies of small mammals in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were conducted in 1974 in order to identify the specific habitats within the Lower Montane Forest that support Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus.
(13) Dictated by underlying physicochemical constraints, deceived at times by the lulling tones of the siren entropy, and constantly vulnerable to the vagaries of other more pervasive forms of biological networking and information transfer encoded in the genes of virus and invading microorganisms, protein biorecognition in higher life forms, and particularly in mammals, represents the finely tuned molecular avenues for the genome to transfer its information to the next generation.
(14) It encodes a homeobox gene closely related to the developmentally regulated homeotic genes of flies and mammals.
(15) Based on the fact that all hibernators, at their regulated minimal body temperature, display a uniform turnover rate, related to body weight, the hypothesis is developed that cold tolerance of mammals is generally limited by a common specific minimal metabolic rate, which larger organisms, because of their lower basal metabolism, already attain in less profound hypothermia.
(16) Based on morphological, virological, biochemical and molecular biological data, it is proposed that the presence of endogenous retrovirus particles in the placental cytotrophoblasts of many mammals is indicative of some beneficial action provided by the virus in relation to cell fusion, syncytiotrophoblast formation and the creation of the placenta.
(17) Thus, the possibility exists that androgen secretion in some chelonian systems may exhibit a high degree of LH specificity like that of mammals and birds.
(18) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(19) This agrees with previous ultrastructural observations that, in small mammals, neither basement membranes nor large connective tissue spaces are found inside enteric ganglia.
(20) In recent studies, we have found that Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc residues are abundant on red cells and nucleated cells of nonprimate mammals, prosimians, and New World monkeys, but their expression is diminished in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.
Pterygoid
Definition:
(a.) Like a bird's wing in form; as, a pterygoid bone.
(a.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid bone.
(n.) A pterygoid bone.
Example Sentences:
(1) The masseter muscle was always a more efficient producer of vertically oriented bite force than the medial pterygoid.
(2) After fracture of the pterygoid hamulus, contraction of the TVP muscle produced expansion of the epipharynx but less than that prior to the treatment.
(3) But the opposite dentition can also dictate a fixture installation in the posterior region for a good occlusal stabilization: a specific modality of fixture installation in the pterygoid region has provided a seductive alternative.
(4) When the lateral pterygoid muscles are not tender to palpation and the stress test is negative, occlusal therapy is not indicated.
(5) To explore the relationships among dysfunction of the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement, and the mechanism of TMJ sounds, a comparative study was undertaken with electromyography of the two heads of the muscle and arthrography in 38 patients with temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome sounds.
(6) Light and electron microscope observations of tiny nerve branchlets attached to the nerve of the pterygoid canal suggests that the source of sympathetic autonomic fibres in the greater petrosal nerve may not be solely confined to fibres 'recurrent' from the deep petrosal nerve, as hitherto believed.
(7) Activity occurred in the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles during the following movements; closing the jaw slowly either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact and against resistance; free lateral movement to contralateral side, either against resistance or with occlusal contact; protraction of the jaw either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact; swallowing either saliva or water; incisor gum chewing with either the ipsilateral or contralateral molars; normal mastication; and during forceful centric occlusion.
(8) No operative mortality, CSF rhinorrhea, visual damage carotid or cavernous sinus hemorrhage fracture of the medial pterygoid plates or maxilla were encountered in this series.
(9) The insertions of the superficial and deep portions of the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, the medial pterygoid muscle and the temporalis fascia were simulated with leather bonded to the appropriate areas.
(10) Both have an incomplete zygomatic arch with descending jugal process, a complex superficial masseter, a large temporalis and medial pterygoid musculature, and a lateral pterygoid with two heads.
(11) Gorette-Nicaise, Awn, and Dhem (1983) as well as the study by Whetten, and Johnston (1985) have shown that neither the absence of the lateral pterygoid muscle nor the physical volumetric expansion of the airway increases condylar growth.
(12) The subjects were asked to perform three definite tasks for the masseter muscle (intercuspid occlusion, maximum protrusion, and centric relation with a bite opening of 3mm) and two for the pterygoid muscle (maximum opening and maximum protrusion).
(13) Four patients had intraoral exposure of the grafts postoperatively--three in the pterygoid maxillary area and one in the palate.
(14) A method to accurately identify in a reproducible way the main axis of the pterygoid process with the help of two small iron balls was contrasted with other methods seen in the literature.
(15) We discuss anatomic considerations for the prevention of complications, including injury to the frontotemporal branches of the facial nerve, injury to the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, and inadvertent penetration of the dura.
(16) CTHRP was injected individually to jaw-closing muscles (temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid) of rats, and their motoneurons including the dendrites were labelled and studied.
(17) An unusual case of myositis ossificans of the medial pterygoid muscle has been discussed.
(18) However, all seven of the patients tested 1 year after mandibular lengthening demonstrated normal aphasic firing patterns of the lateral pterygoid muscles (inferior belly) during right and left lateral excursions.
(19) It is not necessary, at the level of the pterygoid bone situated outside the limits of the arch, to carry out any dental morphology.
(20) The cross-sectional areas of the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles were determined by means of computer tomography in 16 male subjects with healthy dentitions.