(n.) An element obtained by reduction of its oxide, as a hard, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized. Its ores occur abundantly in nature as the minerals pyrolusite, manganite, etc. Symbol Mn. Atomic weight 54.8.
Example Sentences:
(1) This result was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which indicated a stoicheiometry for copper and manganese of approx.
(2) Although GTP most potently inhibited [125I]beta h-endorphin binding in the presence of sodium, inhibition of [125I]beta h-endorphin binding by GTP was also observed in the presence of the monovalent cations lithium and potassium, but not the divalent cations magnesium, calcium, or manganese.
(3) In the present study, maternal and fetal zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) status has been studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats.
(4) The subjects were exposed to manganese, iron , chromium compounds, thermal radiation, high temperature and noise.
(5) Experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of various feed ingredients on manganese (Mn) bioavailability.
(6) The method was tested by using monolayers of alveolar macrophages from rabbits exposed to manganese dioxide particles.
(7) In order to determine the specific action of cadmium on bone metabolism, the effect of cadmium on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme of osteoblasts, was compared with that of other divalent heavy metal ions, i.e., zinc, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and mercury (10 microM each), using cloned osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1.
(8) The manganese peroxidase (MnP), from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, an H2O2-dependent heme enzyme, oxidizes a variety of organic compounds but only in the presence of Mn(II).
(9) The manganese-containing (MnSOD) and iron-containing (FeSOD) superoxide dismutases from Escherichia coli are extensively (greater than 95%) inactivated by treatment with phenylglyoxal.
(10) It is suggested that there is a fundamental difference between magnesium and manganese in the activation of the enzyme.
(11) Chronic dietary deficiency of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) with excessive intake of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of high incidence amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Western Pacific.
(12) RNA synthesis required all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and was dependent on magnesium or manganese; optimal activity required potassium or ammonium ions.
(13) The stimulatory effects of manganese were inhibited by calcitonin but not by indomethacin.
(14) Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping methodology has been used to study the reactions of manganese dusts with glutathione, employing alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin traps.
(15) Because DMP oxidation by this enzyme is only slightly inhibited by Mn2+, this substrate should not be used in assays to detect manganese peroxidase.
(16) A major disruption in primary metabolism and hence secondary metabolism was discounted since eight primary metabolism enzymes showed no evidence of unusual changes in specific activity when normal and manganese-deficient cultures were compared.
(17) Local cobalt (Co2+) or manganese (Mn2+) applications could abolish amino acid-evoked [Ca2+]o changes, whereas most of the [K+]o changes persisted.
(18) Previous studies in neonatal and suckling animals showed that immature animals have a greatly diminished capacity to excrete manganese and therefore were considered to be unable to regulate tissue manganese concentrations.
(19) The influence of the electric field of commerical frequency on metabolism and interorgan distribution of copper, molybdenum, iron and manganese was studied in the 4-month experiment on animals with their daily 30-minute exposition.
(20) Manganese therefore acts as a catalyst for the non-enzymatic reaction, but magnesium does not.
Manganous
Definition:
(a.) Of, pertaining to, designating, those compounds of manganese in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with manganic compounds; as, manganous oxide.
Example Sentences:
(1) Smoking behaviour, self-reported mood and cardiac activity were examined in 12 "sedative" and 12 "stimulant" smokers, defined using Mangan and Golding's questionnaire.
(2) Manganous chloride and Congo red incorporated into blotting paper discs have been used to differentiate gonococci from meningococci.
(3) In human studies, reported performance improvements with post-trial administration of nicotine have all involved associative learning (Mangan and Golding 1983; Colrain et al.
(4) The comedian Stephen Mangan called Cameron’s warning “panicky” and “daft”, while another comedian, Vikki Stone, shared a picture of herself hiding in the shed with a colander on her head and said: “Dear David Cameron I’m frightened.
(5) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been applied as a method for studying manganous ions transport across the membrane of phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
(6) By midday on Monday, workers had managed to clear landslides from one lane of the main highway connecting Sikkim with the rest of India , and an initial convoy of 75 paramilitaries had started moving toward Mangan, the village closest to the quake's epicentre, officials said.
(7) In contrast, manganous ion (2 mM) and isocitrate (60 mM) produce a sevenfold decrease in the rate constant.
(8) The pH dependence of the binding of free manganous ion, free isocitrate, and manganous-isocitrate complex indicates differences in the interaction of these species with isocitrate dehydrogenase.
(9) The addition of the chelator EDTA essentially prevents protection by isocitrate and manganous ion, demonstrating the importance of the metal ion in this process.
(10) The enzyme requires 2-mercaptoethanol, manganous ions, and glucose 1,6-diphosphate for optimal activity.
(11) It was concluded that the oxidation of manganous ions by S. discophorus is catalyzed by an inducible enzyme(s).
(12) Many ligninolytic basidiomycete fungi have been shown to secrete a group of peroxidase isozymes whose sole function appears to be the peroxide-dependent oxidation of manganous [Mn(II)] to manganic [Mn(III)] ions.
(13) The result is the transformation of insoluble manganic and ferric compounds into manganous and ferrous compounds which are liberated into the groundwater.
(14) Radioimmunoassays for both human copper-zinc and manganous superoxide dismutases (Cu-Zn SOD and Mn SOD, respectively) have been developed, validated, and utilized to measure the concentrations of these enzymes in cultured monocytes.
(15) Pharmacologic stimulation of adenylate cyclase in cardiac membranes with isoproterenol, fluoride ion, guanine nucleotide, forskolin, and manganous ion indicated that there was defective coupling of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein that stimulates adenylate cyclase (Gs) to adenylate cyclase.
(16) In this study, we demonstrated that recombinant human D-factor and growth hormone caused a slight but significant protection of adult rats against oxygen toxicity without affecting levels of pulmonary manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA.
(17) Manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals produced in the mitochondria.
(18) The major toxicological effects of manganese, observed after long occupational exposure, are on the lung (manganese pneumonia) and the central nervous system (manganism).
(19) Direct measurements of oxalosuccinate decarboxylation reveal that the Vmax and the Km for manganous ion are influenced by the presence of oxidized or reduced TPN with the Km being lowest (5-7 muM) in the presence of TPNH.
(20) Expression of manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA in KB18 was about 20-fold higher than that in KB or KB8 cells.