(n.) The act or operation of masticating; chewing, as of food.
Example Sentences:
(1) The ratio of appearance on the fatigue by mastication was as follows: Type I (0%), Type II (50.0%), Type III (40.0-100%) and Type IV (75.0%).
(2) Masticated forages followed trends similar to those of nonmasticated forages, but the effect of mastication was not consistent.
(3) Other activated areas, not directly involved in mastication, were for example, the area postrema (55%), the olfactory (44%) and visual cortex (41%).
(4) When, against Real Madrid, Nani was sent off, Ferguson, jaws agape, interrupting his incessant mastication, roared from the bench, uprooting his assistant and marched to the touchline.
(5) Parapharyngeal space can be defined as a potential space surrounded by deglutitional and masticator muscles and their covering, superficial and middle layer of deep cervical fascia.
(6) Any method employed for the control of drooling must still allow a sufficient volume of flow for mastication, deglutition and oral hygiene.
(7) A discussion is given of the advantages, disadvantages, and pitfalls of computerized tomography of the masticator space.
(8) Bony union is now satisfactory 5 years after injuries and dentures have been recently fitted; speech is normal, the child's facial contours acceptable, and mastication has been satisfactory during this period.
(9) These patients demonstrated good mastication and an excellent incisal opening which was maintained in the late postoperative period.
(10) An artificial oral environment used in this study to simulate mastication also is described.
(11) All subjects displayed malocclusions and were examined for sensitivity of the muscles of mastication to palpation.
(12) New developments in the application of current imaging procedures (both conventional and "high tech") to diagnosis and management of diseases and injuries of the jaws, muscles of mastication, and salivary glands are presented.
(13) An unusual case presenting congenital malformations involving the face and mastication apparatus is described.
(14) The results suggest that canine-protected occlusions do not significantly alter muscle activity during mastication but significantly reduce muscle activity during parafunctional clenching.
(15) Therefore, it is of great significance for the study of prosthodontics to assess what distribution of mechanical strain the maxillar and mandibular bones exhibit to occlusal force at mastication.
(16) The presenting symptomatology in 9 cases of giant epulis seen in West Africa was constantly difficulties in mastication or even speech, and on some occasions tumefaction of the face.
(17) Activity occurred in the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles during the following movements; closing the jaw slowly either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact and against resistance; free lateral movement to contralateral side, either against resistance or with occlusal contact; protraction of the jaw either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact; swallowing either saliva or water; incisor gum chewing with either the ipsilateral or contralateral molars; normal mastication; and during forceful centric occlusion.
(18) In a simulated 1-year period of mastication, the results showed that nickel and beryllium metals were released both by dissolution and occlusal wear.
(19) Periods of the latin square included a minimum of 14 d for adaptation and 11 d for esophageal masticate collection and digesta sampling.
(20) In the triturating area the verticality of the interalveolar axis is necessary for the stability of the cusp-fossa relationship in centric occlusion and for the stability of the prothesis during mastication.
Rumination
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud.
(n.) The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection.
(n.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.