(n.) An established principle or proposition; a condensed proposition of important practical truth; an axiom of practical wisdom; an adage; a proverb; an aphorism.
(n.) The longest note formerly used, equal to two longs, or four breves; a large.
Example Sentences:
(1) We maximize an objective function that includes both total production rate and product concentration.
(2) Further, the maximal increase in force of contraction was measured using papillary muscle strips from some of these patients.
(3) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
(4) Maximal yields of lipid and aflatoxin were obtained with 30% glucose, whereas mold growth, expressed as dry weight, was maximal when the medium contained 10% glucose.
(5) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(6) Maximal covalent binding of [4,5-14C]ronidazole to DNA also required four-electron reduction, consistent with previous studies of the covalent binding of this agent to immobilized sulfhydryl groups [Kedderis et al.
(7) The Cao-dependent Na+ efflux was half-maximally activated by [Ca2+]o = 2.0 mM in LiSW and 7.2 mM in Tris-SW; at saturating [Ca2+]o, [Ca2+]i, and [Na+]i the maximal (calculated) Cao-dependent Na+ efflux was approximately 75 pmol#cm2.s.
(8) Short incubations with heparin (5 min) caused a release of the enzyme into the media, while longer incubations caused a 2-8-fold increase in net lipoprotein lipase secretion which was maximal after 2-16 h depending on cell type, and persisted for 24 h. The effect of heparin was dose-dependent and specific (it was not duplicated by other glycosaminoglycans).
(9) Combining maximally effective concentrations of each of these stimulating agents produces an additive increase in both the level of 32P incorporation into tyrosine hydroxylase and the degree of activation of the enzyme.
(10) Using serial section electron microscopic reconstructions as a reference, we have chosen as our standard procedure a method that maximizes both the preservation of the cytoskeleton and the proportion of cells staining, while minimizing the degree of nonspecific staining.
(11) Basal and maximally insulin-stimulated rates of 3-O-methylglucose transport in adipocytes from obese and obese NIDDM subjects were reduced to 50% of the values in cells from normal subjects (P less than 0.05).
(12) We assumed that the sensory messages received at a given level are transformed by a stochastic process, called Alopex, in a way which maximizes responses in central feature analyzers.
(13) Both gp175 and gp250 showed the greatest increase in fucosylation at 10(-5) M, which was also the dose at which RA induced laminin maximally, while the fucosylation of gp400 was greatest at 10(-8) M RA and declined at higher concentrations.
(14) However, those studies used partial maximal expiratory flow volume (PMEFV) curves to assess lung function.
(15) Hyperosmolar buffer slightly increased the sensitivity and maximal response to methacholine as well as the cholinergic twitch to electric field stimulation.
(16) Cytosolic-to-mitochondrial ratios from maximal initial rates after correction for mitochondrial breakage were increased above controls in diabetic hearts for nucleoside diphosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase.
(17) The drug-picrate chromophores maximally absorb within the first minute of reaction (21 s for phenacemide, 45 s for cephalothin), after which the absorbances decrease.
(18) Glucagon can raise intracellular cyclic AMP about 30-fold; a half-maximal effect is obtained with 1.5 nM hormone.
(19) Keeping calcium concentration constant in the medium (0.36 microM), ornithine transport was maximal at 5.0 microM L-arginine and decreased at higher concentrations of arginine.
(20) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
Theorem
Definition:
(n.) That which is considered and established as a principle; hence, sometimes, a rule.
(n.) A statement of a principle to be demonstrated.
(v. t.) To formulate into a theorem.
Example Sentences:
(1) The operational meaning of all the resulting theorems is that when any of them appear to be refuted experimentally, the presence of more than one parallel transport pathway (that is, of membrane heterogeneity transverse to the direction of transport) can be inferred and analyzed.
(2) From these, the upper limits of visual acuity were derived on the basis of the assumptions of the sampling theorem.
(3) We reviewed the literature on the performance of the blood culture as a diagnostic test and analyzed the data with Bayes' theorem to find the optimal number of cultures to draw.
(4) Based upon the sensitivity and specificity, the authors calculated the expected predictive values for different groups of asymptomatic individuals using Bayes' theorem.
(5) The prognostic relevances of the characters investigated were tested by Bayes' theorem.
(6) The structure of nonverbal communication expressed as eye-contact between two human beings is analyzed using graph-theoretic tools involving a theorem of König on bipartite graphs and various results concerning directed graphs (as in Harary).
(7) Based on Bayes' theorem, 'Solubile' uses up to 47 items of information about the patient to produce the most probable diagnosis from 22 possible diseases.
(8) Using Monte Carlo methods, we verify an equation derived from O'Connor's scaling theorem relating scatter-primary ratios at small depths and field sizes to those at larger depths and fields.
(9) We have extended their work, which is based on logit analysis, to consider, using Bayes' theorem, the influence of the proportion of carcinogens upon the decision rules for declaring a battery result positive or negative.
(10) The introduction of this differentiation of histopathologic diagnoses is not just another sophisticated scientific theorem; its practical significance may be seen in a definitive restriction of the application of antirejection therapy, which means a reduction of the risks and side effects imposed on heart-transplanted patients by chemotherapy and particularly by steroid therapy.
(11) A theorem about correspondence of the graph constructed and coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of linearized kinetic equations is proved.
(12) One depends on solving a set of non-linear simultaneous equations, and the other on Taylor's theorem.
(13) It is based on three steps: 1) the search for all possible helical regions relied on a mathematical approach derived from the convolution theorem; it uses a tetradimensional complex vector representation of the bases along the sequence; 2) a 'tree' search for a set of minimum free energy structures, by the aid of an approximate energy evaluation to reduce the computer time requirements; 3) the exact calculation and refinement of the energies.
(14) The power is either derived from the Pythagorean Theorem or measured on graph paper.
(15) The steady-state solutions (Kirchhoff-Hill theorem) yield expressions for the relationship between the small signal conductance of univalent ions and the concentration of these ions in the external bathing medium (a saturation curve) and for the ionic currents and the steady-state current-voltage curve (N-shaped).
(16) In this situation the general principles of decision analysis can be contemplated: the characteristics of the test (sensibility and specificity), the prevalence of the disease and Bayes theorem and the concept of utility.
(17) These assumptions are not universally true and it is shown that the theorems can be modified to take account of such deviations.
(18) Using Bayes theorem and logistic regression analysis, the effect of changing driver characteristics on the probability of a fatality was explored.
(19) It is proposed that that the dual-track theorem generally and the Siamese-twin configuration (with the Moebius-strip twist) specifically offer a unique and useful paradigmatic perspective that allows us to organize and integrate the characteristics and functions of the brain-mind continuum.
(20) Total discrimination and divergence are derived from Baye's theorem and based on backward (a posteriori) probabilities.