(n.) The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to minimum.
(a.) Greatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure; maximum heat.
Example Sentences:
(1) Combinations of maximum amounts of glucagon and the cyclic nucleotide did not produce a greater effect than either agent alone.
(2) Maximum increases in portal plasma secretin concentrations of 143, 146 and 190% and maximum increases in VIP of 116, 155 and 147% after, respectively, intraduodenal 0.1 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M Na2CO3, and 0.025 M NaOH were found.
(3) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(4) After vascular injury, smooth muscle cells proliferate, reaching a maximum rate at day 2.
(5) The ED50 and ED95 of mivacurium in each group were estimated from linear regression plots of log dose vs probit of maximum percentage depression of neuromuscular function.
(6) Bipolar derivations with the maximum PSE always included the locations with the maximum PSE obtained from a linked ears reference.
(7) The maximum amplitude of the inward Na+ current, normalized by cell capacitance, is about sixfold larger, on the average, in LP lactotropes than in SP lactotropes.
(8) After several months, a temporal discrimination was well established, as shown by maximum suppression toward the end of the signal period.
(9) Because they generally have to be positioned on hills to get the maximum benefits of the wind, some complain that they ruin the landscape.
(10) These levels are sufficient to maintain normal in vivo rates of mRNA and rRNA synthesis, but the average density of packing of polymerases on DNA is considerably less than the maximum density predicted by Miller and Bakken (1972), suggesting that initiation of polymerases of DNA is a limiting factor in the control of transcription.
(11) The maximum duration of the drainage was 24 days and complete recovery was obtained in all patients without further surgical treatments.
(12) Treatment of all groups continued for a maximum of 104 wk.
(13) However, as all subjects had normal hearing and maximum speech discrimination scores pre-smoking, it can only be concluded that smoking marihuana did not worsen the hearing--the experiments were not designed to see whether it would improve hearing.
(14) The terms of maximum reduction of the enzymatic activity falling within the 4th-6th and 24th hours and 2nd day should be taken into account while developing the methods of metabolic protection and enzyme therapy of the ischaemic myocardium.
(15) Neuropeptides increased the labeling of p115 within seconds and with great potency; half-maximum concentrations were 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 nM for bombesin, vasopressin, and VIC, respectively.
(16) At temperatures greater than 150 degrees C the mutagenic activity of the cooked meat increased to reach a maximum at 300 degrees C. In another series of experiments, lamb patties were cooked at 250 degrees C for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 min.
(17) It was shown that the levels of ATP and ADP in the mycelium depended on the carbon source: the maximum and minimum ATP concentrations were found on the glucose and acetate media respectively, the maximum and minimum ADP concentrations showed inverse dependence.
(18) Typical kinetics of local anaesthetics are presented for various methods of regional anaesthesia informing the anaesthetist on corresponding plasma concentrations if the recommended maximum doses are exceeded and thus he gets useful information for his daily work.
(19) Atrioventricular (AV) delay that results in maximum ventricular filling and physiological mechanisms that govern dependence of filling on timing of atrial systole were studied by combining computer experiments with experiments in the anesthetized dog instrumented to measure phasic mitral flow.
(20) The activity was maximum at the 16-32-cell stage and then decreased to a minimum at the mesenchyme blastula stage.
Satiation
Definition:
(n.) Satiety.
Example Sentences:
(1) Release of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) was measured in vivo per minute before and after food presentation in satiated rats that had a cannula in the mediodorsal hypothalamic area (MDH).
(2) Averaged evoked potentials (EP) to a CS (flash) were recorded sequentially in classical appetitive conditioning, satiated state after appetitive conditioning, highly alert state by noncontingent shocks, and classical aversive conditioning from a rat.
(3) These results demonstrate that systemic administration of baclofen can stimulate ingestive behaviour in satiated rats and suggest a possible role for a GABAB receptor-mediated mechanism in the control of food intake.
(4) Similar experiments in which neurotensin (NT) was perfused in the LH, PVN and VMN revealed virtually the same inverse effects on NE release in the fasted and satiated rat, which again were anatomically specific.
(5) Thus, obese male mice were at least as sensitive to the satiating effect of CCK-8 as lean male mice.
(6) Explanations in terms of satiation theory, learning theory, instructions, and perceptual bias were discussed.
(7) These results indicate that 5-HT exerts its anorectic effect only after some food has been ingested, and support the hypothesis that 5-HT accelerates the development of satiation and satiety.
(8) In order to test this hypothesis in intact, free-moving animals and to determine if the MCCs play a role in satiation of feeding, the behavior of animals that had their MCCs destroyed by intracellular injection of proteases was compared with that of B Cell-Lesion and Dye injection control animals (Experiment 1) or surgical control animals (Experiment 2).
(9) But subsequent research has shown that because fat is more satiating, or filling, eating some higher fat foods can lead to lower calorie intake overall.
(10) The perifornical lateral hypothalamus displayed a different pattern, namely, a significant increase in NPY content in refed as compared to satiated and deprived rats.
(11) The rats' differential responses to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic drugs injected into different hypothalamic sites indicate the following: (1) the lateral hypothalamic "feeding" center contains beta receptors, the activation of which produces satiation, presumably by inhibition of the lateral "feeding" cells; (2) the ventromedial hypothalamic "satiety" center contains alpha receptors, the activation of which produces eating, presumably by inhibition of the ventromedial "satiety" cells; and (3) the medio-lateral perifornical area of the hypothalamus contains both alpha and beta receptors, which lead to inhibition of the ventromedial or lateral hypothalamic centers respectively.
(12) Spike activity of neurons (areas 3, 4) was studied in cats during conditioned placing reaction before and after food satiation.
(13) Beliefs about the satiating effect of foods varying in contents of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and fibre were investigated by face-to-face interviews with a random telephone sample of 101 subjects.
(14) Upon sexual satiation with the second male, females either received a novel third male or were reexposed to the original male.
(15) The lack of response of the amygdaloid cortical nucleus to adrenergic stimulation in the satiated rat, under simultaneous stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus with either placebo or an adrenergic blocker, was also demonstrated.
(16) To that end, the present study examined the effects of 90-dB white noise on eating in satiated rats.
(17) 2 This anorexia is also observed in satiated rats, which had ad libitum access to food.
(18) Injected NPY can override a variety of satiating factors, including those arising from normal feed intake, artificial distension of the reticulorumen, and intraruminal infusion of sodium propionate.
(19) Amphetamine also increased all behaviours when rats were tested with their cagemates, when the desire for SI is largely satiated.
(20) This 'satiation' response occurred even though the initial diet was originally highly attractive to foraging workers.