(n.) The doctrine that there is a tendency throughout nature toward improvement.
Example Sentences:
(1) The favorable effect of the straw is related to its meliorating action.
(2) Drainage melioration in the Polesye resulted in a sharp increase in the number of tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.)
(3) In the general case of unequal initial links, the model derived from melioration differs from the revised model advanced by Squires and Fantino (1971) only in the factors affecting the delay-reduction terms (T - t2L) and (T - t2R).
(4) If there is no stabilisation of the haemodynamic parameters by conservative therapy, the left ventricular function is meliorated by surgical aneurysmectomy.
(5) In particular, in the case of equal initial links, the model derived from melioration coincides with Fantino's original model for full (reliable) reinforcement and with the model proposed by Spetch and Dunn (1987) for percentage (unreliable) reinforcement.
(6) Reconstruction surgery in posttraumatic deformities in the lower leg and the foot is indicated under different aspects: restoration of function, improvement of prognosis, improvement of function and melioration of physical appearance.
(7) Contrary to melioration, the absolute rate of reinforcement, not the local rate, was the controlling variable.
(8) Virus characterization studies were performed to meliorate the taxonomic status of three currently unclassified, serologically related viruses: Tanapox virus (causes vesicular skin lesions in humans), Yaba-like disease (YLD) virus (causes vesicular skin lesions in monkeys), and Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV, causes epidermal histiocytoma).
(9) Examinations were performed on the nervous system (directed anamnesis, neurological and vegetative status) of workers from enterprises for economic melioration and erosion control.
(10) PGE1 seems to meliorate the blood flow - causing better oxygen supply - and to inhibit thrombocyte aggregation.
(11) The subjective presentations confirm the melioration of sleep.
(12) The grain of the same sort grown under similar conditions but without the meliorative agent, served as control.
(13) Melioration theory entails that matching in concurrent schedules occurs because the subjects equalize the local reinforcement rates (reinforcers received for each alternative divided by the time allocated to each alternative).
(14) The data demonstrate, that under resting condition a normalisation and under exercise condition at least a melioration of pulse pressure and circulation is achieved after resection of the aneurysma.
(15) Many changes in the working through process could be attributed not only to meliorative effects of interpretation but to developmental progression as well.
(16) They are deepening not only because of the stresses of the new economy, which a functioning government would meliorate, or the threats brought on by global disorder, which must be managed and will be, but because fear, anxiety and resentment are the stock in trade of important media and the politicians allied or symbiotic with them.
(17) If one, however, opposes the MSR of A and B, there is a significant meliorated prognosis for patients, who have been operated in connection with a systematically applied X-ray therapy according to the sandwich method.
(18) This congruence of the models is recognized by naming the common model the delayed reinforcement model, which is then compared with other models of choice such as Killeen and Fetterman's (1988) behavioral theory of timing, Mazur's (1984) equivalence rule, and Vaughan's (1985) melioration theory.
(19) The assessment of the vibration loading of a group of tractor-drivers from the enterprise for melioration and erosion control is made on the basis of: measurement of general and local vibrations and noise of 5 tractors type C 100, C 100M and T 130; determination of the total vibration loading on the basis of data of measurements and average weekly hour individual engagement; comparison of the admissible values of vibration loading with the real determined at work with machines of different vibration characters at different hour engagement.
(20) Vaughan's (1985) melioration model, which was shown to be formally similar to Squires and Fantino's (1971) delay-reduction model, can be modified so as to predict these results without changing its underlying assumptions.
Pessimism
Definition:
(n.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism.
(n.) A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ultimately, the judgments combine to make a particularly peculiar melange: among the plaintiffs there is a mix of economic pessimism and insecure nationalism with a shot of nostalgia for the Deutschmark.
(2) Since doctors are generally accepted as experts on health matters, their apparent undue pessimism about cancer prognosis is unfortunate.
(3) Behind the broad sweep of pessimism, it is worth thinking about how the "eurozone in crisis" story could eventually improve.
(4) Pessimism is my default setting," she told the Daily Telegraph.
(5) There has been widespread pessimism, usually without significant data, about the cloth-covered prosthesis, because of concern of cloth wear, hemolysis and other complications.
(6) The cognitive theories of depression emphasize the role of pessimism about the future in the etiology and maintenance of depression.
(7) Other negative emotions – self-pity, guilt, apathy, pessimism, narcissism – make it a deeply unattractive illness to be around, one that requires unusual levels of understanding and tolerance from family and friends.
(8) But Cameron veered from Libya to adoption, from apprenticeships to gay marriage, and on the economy, from optimism to pessimism.
(9) Indications of brain damage sustained during infancy are not grounds for pessimism on the part of the psychotherapeut.
(10) The pessimism about the psychiatric reform that emerges among some general practitioners seems to have more to do with the slow progress in creating intermediary facilities between hospital and region rather than an a priori opposition to the reform.
(11) To the widespread therapeutic pessimism we oppose various psychotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of non-psychotic compulsive phenomenal; for the manifestations occurring in the course of psychotic illnesses, the appropriate psychotropic drugs will be used in the first place, although they are of limited importance in these types of illness which oppose serious difficulties to all methods of treatment.
(12) In MAS, more than a few patients revealed a high anxiety level concretely, recognized psychosocial problems with loss of desire for treatment pessimism recording their prognosis, in addition to loss of QOL.
(13) One of the patterns of rigidity is an outgrowth of the lifestyle of pessimism, suspicion, self-reliance, self-discipline, determination, and endurance.
(14) The findings are discussed with respect to the mechanisms underlying predictive optimism and pessimism and the possible functions and implications of these predictive biases.
(15) But I don’t share the pessimism of a younger friend and activist who says: “I can’t see us being back in office this side of 2030.
(16) The questionnaire measured various attitudes concerning asthma and was used to identify those respondents reporting high levels of pessimism or stigma in relation to their condition.
(17) A kind of ironic pessimism – planning to fail – is a bit of a cliche in contemporary art.
(18) Among the 14 explanatory variables in the multivariate logistic analysis, family members' and friends' smoking, the place of residence, strenuousness of leisure-time physical activities, number of friends, rebelliousness, intelligence test score, and general pessimism were most strongly associated with the likelihood of being a current smoker.
(19) The climate models are unequivocal in their pessimism for the future.
(20) Compared with findings in manic subjects, the dimensional score for Harm Avoidance was elevated in all affective groups, "worry and pessimism" was elevated in mixed-state subjects, "shyness with strangers" was elevated in depressed and nonaffective subjects, and "attachment" was lower in depressed and nonaffective subjects.