(n.) A thin layer or fold of tissue, usually supported by a fibrous network, serving to cover or line some part or organ, and often secreting or absorbing certain fluids.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tryptic digestion of the membranes caused complete disappearance of the binding activity, but heat-treatment for 5 min at 70 degrees C caused only 40% loss of activity.
(2) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
(3) The patterns observed were: clusters of granules related to the cell membrane; positive staining localized to portions of the cell membrane, and, less commonly, the whole cell circumference.
(4) Activity of Na,K-ATPase activity was measured as a functional marker for synaptosomal membranes.
(5) The influence of the various concepts for the induction of lateral structure formation in lipid membranes on integral functional units like ionophores is demonstrated by analysing the single channel current fluctuations of gramicidin in bimolecular lipid membranes.
(6) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(7) The predicted non-Lorentzian line shapes and widths were found to be in good agreement with experimental results, indicating that the local orientational order (called "packing" by many workers) in the bilayers of small vesicles and in multilamellar membranes is substantially the same.
(8) Apparently, the irradiation with visible light of a low intensity creates an additional proton gradient and thus stimulates a new replication and division cycle in the population of cells whose membranes do not have delta pH necessary for the initiation of these processes.
(9) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(10) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(11) Together these results suggest that IVC may operate as a selective activator of calpain both in the cytosol and at the membrane level; in the latter case in synergism with the activation induced by association of the proteinase to the cell membrane.
(12) The Cole-Moore effect, which was found here only under a specific set of conditions, thus may be a special case rather than the general property of the membrane.
(13) We have examined the insertion of bovine 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P45017 alpha) into the endoplasmic reticulum of COS 1 cells to evaluate the functional role of its hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence and membrane insertion.
(14) The transport of potassium ions through membranes of red blood cells was examined in in bitro experiments using a CMF of 4500 oersted.
(15) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(16) Extensive studies during recent years have shown that the interaction between hormone and membrane-bound receptor can affect the receptor characteristics in at least two ways.
(17) Membranes of this material were filled with islets of Langerhans and implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rats.
(18) The penicillin-resistant Enterococcus hirae R40 has a typical profile of membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) except that the 71 kDa PBP5 of low penicillin affinity represents about 50% of all the PBPs present.
(19) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(20) Moreover, in DCVC-treated cells the mitochondria could not be stained with rhodamine-123, indicating severe mitochondrial damage and loss of membrane potential.
Transude
Definition:
(v. i.) To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or wood.
Example Sentences:
(1) Narrowing and angulation of these veins could result in elevated back pressure favoring the formation of a transudate.
(2) Ascites fluid in liver cirrhosis and heart failure, representing a true transudate, had a comparatively low protein content while the ascites fluid in inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn's disease had high protein content.
(3) The amount of the fluid flowing off the vessels, perfusate penetration into the intestinal lumen and its transudation through the serous membrane were determined.
(4) These effusions were borderline between exudates and transudates and showed little evidence of inflammation.
(5) Two mechanisms were proposed to explain these abnormalities: transudation of serum FFAs into the pancreatic duct and local production of arachidonic acid as a result of the damage to pancreatic cell membranes.
(6) Myxedema should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unexplained pleural effusion no matter whether it is a transudate or an exudate.
(7) It is suggested that HSP-albumin may be used as a reliable marker of transudation of serum proteins to the genital tract.
(8) Under the conditions of this study, which included intravenous administration of cephalothin sodium preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, the small intestinal transudate did not harbor enteric bacteria.
(9) Thus, the main anti-transudation mechanism of topical BUD is not related to modulation of BK-breakdown.
(10) However, during acute lung injury, LBP levels may rise by transudation and enhance activation of alveolar macrophages to release injurious mediators.
(11) With normal animals as with swine influenza animals, no serum antibody could be recovered neither in buccopharyngeal secretions nor in lung washings: it seems that in such conditions no detectable transudation occurs from blood to local secretions.
(12) Our results indicate that the determination of cholesterol levels is a simple and inexpensive method for distinguishing between transudate and exsudate.
(13) The activity of a nonlysosomal enzyme, i. e., lactic dehydrogenase, which was used as a marker of cell disruption and of serum transudation was the same as that of serum.
(14) We suggest that the sonographic finding of ascites and gallbladder wall thickening should be considered a valuable sign of transudative ascites and of portal hypertension whatever its cause.
(15) An algorithm for classifying effusions as transudates, modified transudates, or exudates is included, and each category is discussed.
(16) The frequent increase in CSF protein in cases of neurilemmoma is attributed to transudation of serum from abnormal vessels.
(17) Apart from these morphological changes that occur, the hydrodynamics of the transudate (from the tunica vasculosa lentis) and the aqueous humor from the ciliary epithelium appear to be essential components in the maintenance of the integrity of the anterior and posterior chambers.
(18) The differentiation of transudate and exudate is diagnostically as essential as a functional interpretation of the cell sediments of above all inflammatory effusions.
(19) The gingival fluid of the control subjects had a cAMP concentration of 2.4 X 10(-6) M, which was a hundredfold greater than that seen in serum, thus suggesting that the cAMP in the fluid resulted from active synthesis by the gingival cells and was not merely a transudate from the blood.
(20) Soluble IL-2R level in carcinomatous pleural effusions was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in sera of patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions and that in transudates.