What's the difference between menstruum and solvent?
Menstruum
Definition:
(n.) Any substance which dissolves a solid body; a solvent.
Example Sentences:
(1) The incidence of damage immediately after freeze-drying was greater for cells dried at the higher platen temperature and was influenced by the composition of the menstruum in which the cells were dried.
(2) The results obtained so far indicate that the maximum adhesion capability is found in the middle of the menstruum.
(3) The following factors were observed to affect the relative resistances of naturally occurring and subcultured cells of the P. aeruginosa strain: (i) temperature at which the cultures were incubated prior to exposure to disinfectants, (ii) growth phase of the cultures at the time of exposure to disinfectants, (iii) nature of the suspending menstruum for disinfectants, and (iv) exposure to fluorescent light during incubation of inocula prior to testing.
(4) When Escherichia coli is frozen rapidly in saline and thawed slowly, survival is very low; however, the inclusion of 3% glycerol or 1% Tween 80 in the saline freezing menstruum results in near complete survival.
(5) This sensitivity was dependent on the pH of the heating menstruum.
(6) Initial inactivation experiments in which raw whole milk was used as the heating menstruum gave much lower recoveries with all protocols.
(7) The radiation dose needed to reduce the number of infective C. burnetii by 90% varied from 0.64 to 1.2 kGy depending on the phase of the micro-organism, purity of the culture and composition of suspending menstruum.
(8) Pseudomonas M216 was more sensitive to freeze-thaw damage when NaCl was present in the freezing menstruum, even at low freezing rates.
(9) Some our previous research works on bacterial adhesion to vaginal cells in the different phases of the menstruum showed that adhesion changes depending on changing environmental conditions.
(10) The percentage of injured survivors varied among strains, but was little affected by altering the freezing menstruum.
(11) The very low adhesion of bacteria belonging to the Leptothrix genus remains substantially unaltered throughout the menstruum.
(12) Both bdellovibrio cell extracts and the cell-free growth menstruum (obtained after bdellovibrio growth on E. coli) caused the inactivation of glycolytic enzymes in E. coli extracts.
(13) Periodate inhibition was dependent on time and concentration as well as on the composition of the suspending menstruum.
(14) Examination of collected data revealed that the temperature of storage and not the suspending menstruum was more important for prolonged survival of mycobacteria stored at subzero temperatures.
(15) The mucin-hemoglobin mixture was used because the menstruum appears to be involved in dissemination of gonococci from the genital tract during menstruation.
(16) With lower pH values adhesion of the anaerobic flora is enhanced, whereas in the final phase of the menstruum, with higher pH values, adhesion is reduced.
(17) From the stability data obtained on storage at high temperatures, it is concluded that vaccines containing lactose as a menstruum for lyophilization are much more stable than vaccines prepared with the currently used additive, mannitol.
(18) The isolate excreted cellulase into the menstruum, and it hydrolyzed various cellulosic materials producing cellobiose as the final breakdown product in the menstruum.
(19) Most mistakes were made in the premenstrual phase, results were found in the four days of the menstruum.
(20) Methanol in the growth menstruum inhibited completely the synthesis of phospholipase C, whereas the synthesis of lethal toxin and hemolysin were only partially inhibited.
Solvent
Definition:
(a.) Having the power of dissolving; dissolving; as, a solvent fluid.
(a.) Able or sufficient to pay all just debts; as, a solvent merchant; the estate is solvent.
(n.) A substance (usually liquid) suitable for, or employed in, solution, or in dissolving something; as, water is the appropriate solvent of most salts, alcohol of resins, ether of fats, and mercury or acids of metals, etc.
(n.) That which resolves; as, a solvent of mystery.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have compared two new methods (a solvent extraction technique and a method involving a disposable, pre-packed reverse phase chromatography cartridge) with the standard method for determining the radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-HMPAO.
(2) Twelve strains of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF)-Congo group of viruses the Bunyaviridae family were investigated with respect to sensitivity to lipid solvents and temperature, pathogenicity for animals, interactions with cell cultures and antigenic relationships.
(3) The conformations of each peptide in various solvents were determined by CD and ir spectroscopy in order to relate immunological to structural properties.
(4) The kinetics of bimolecular decay of alpha-tocopheroxyl free radicals (T) was studied by ESR mainly in ethanol and heptanol solvents.
(5) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
(6) As compared with solvent-treated control, no significant increases were observed in the number of revertant colonies in all tester strains in both systems with and without mammalian metabolic activation (S9 Mix).
(7) The results are summarized in Table I, indicating that the ratio of formation of the cis product (2) increases as a solvent becomes more polar.
(8) These data are discussed in relationship to the chemical mechanism of GSSG reduction and the identity of the proton-transfer step whose rate is sensitive to solvent isotopic composition.
(9) It was readily soluble, however, in nonpolar solvents such as n-hexane and chloroform.
(10) Small amounts (approximately 1% of substrate) of two 25(OH)D3 metabolites, which comigrated with 5(E)- and 5(Z)-19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on two HPLC solvent systems, were synthesized by HL-60 cells, independently from 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment or stage of cell differentiation.
(11) As yet the observations demonstrate that workers exposed in their occupation to heavy metals (cadmium, lead, metalic mercury) and organic solvents should be subjected to special control for detection of renal changes.
(12) The significance of the present findings on the mutual suppression of metabolism between benzene and toluene is discussed in relation to solvent toxicology and biological monitoring of exposure to the solvents.
(13) CZP reduced the incidence of convulsions only after the larger dose, but plain solvent (propylene glycol, ethanol, water) was equally effective.
(14) The method involves solvent extraction of the compounds from plasma, derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and subsequent separation on a 3% OV-17 column.
(15) RF values were determined in several solvent systems.
(16) From the previously observed results of preferential interactions for salting-out salts with proteins, it was shown that the free energy of the protein is increased by addition of the salts and this unfavorable free energy is smaller for the proteins bound to the columns because of their smaller surface area exposed to solvent; i.e., the bound form of the proteins is thermodynamically more stable.
(17) Such an 'inert tube' model may be adequate to describe the inhalation and exhalation kinetics of inert vapours, for example non-polar solvents which have a low water solubility.
(18) Results indicate that the rachitogenic factor in rye is not present in the ash portion of the grain, that it can be largely overcome by water extraction and penicillin supplementation, and that an organic solvent extraction has no effect.
(19) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(20) Reductions in dissolution rates in a continuous-flow system could best be interpreted by assuming that they reflected changes in the area of the hydrophilic solid exposed to the solvent.