What's the difference between meristem and protoderm?
Meristem
Definition:
(n.) A tissue of growing cells, or cells capable of further division.
Example Sentences:
(1) In apical meristem, on the other hand, the level of d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase exceeded that of d-glycerate dehydrogenase at all time periods studied.
(2) Treatments with tritiated thymidine (TdR-(3)H) have revealed the existence of two populations of mitotically active cells in meristems of lateral roots of Vicia faba.
(3) All of the transcripts were highly expressed in the protoderm of the shoot apical meristem.
(4) The third mRNA is abundant in seedling axes and accumulates specifically in the ground meristem and mature cortex of hypocotyls and roots.
(5) The rate of RNA and protein synthesis in resting and growing meristem tissues from isolated tuber growth points under their incubation with labelled precursors is studied.
(6) Treatment of Vicia faba main root meristems with methyl iodide (MeI) 2 h before challenge treatment with triethylene melamine (TEM) significantly reduced the yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations, i.e., resulted in clastogenic adaptation.
(7) About 60 affected phragmoplast function in root meristems.
(8) We have developed a procedure for a high-yield isolation of protoplasts allowing an accurate flow-cytometric analysis with a few micrograms of meristem tissues.
(9) The study was carried out on nuclei isolated from the root meristem of Pinus silvestris.
(10) The rapidity and reversibility of such responses, and their apparent independence of changes in carbon supply or meristem cell turgor are held to support the hypothesis that chilling alters the physical properties of the walls of extending cells within the meristematic zone.
(11) The transcription of the pea ENOD2 gene starts when the inner cortical cells develop from the nodule meristem.
(12) Arabidopsis flowers develop from groups of undifferentiated cells on the flank of an inflorescence meristem.
(13) Chromosomal DNA fiber replication was investigated in the shoot meristem of mustard plants during the morphogenetic transition from the leaf-forming (vegetative) to the flower-forming (evoked) condition.
(14) That is, although NodH mutants lose the ability to elicit root hair curling (Hac-), infection threads (Inf-), and nodule meristem formation (Nod-) on the homologous host alfalfa, they gain the ability to be Hac+ Inf+ Nod+ on a nonhomologous host such as common vetch.
(15) The kinetics of nodule formation by these mutant strains, by an exoB mutant, and by mixed mutant inocula suggest that the gene products required for nodule invasion may also influence nodule meristem induction.
(16) Analysis of genetic mosaics and direct observation with the SEM have broken leaf development into three distinct phases: recruitment of cells within the meristem, cell division into the 0.6-mm tall primordium, and postprimordial division and differentiation into the mature leaf.
(17) Stage 1 begins with the initiation of a floral buttress on the flank of the apical meristem.
(18) In the present paper, this caffeine effect has been analyzed in Allium cepa root meristems growing at different culture temperatures under steady-state kinetics.
(19) In order to determine the best conditions to carry out quantitative ultrastructural studies in plant specimens, five different fixation techniques, including some of the most reported electron microscopy fixatives (glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde, osmium tetroxide, potassium permanganate), were assayed in onion root meristems to check their ability to induce morphometric changes in Golgi apparatus ultrastructure.
(20) Changes in the internal structure of the mitochondria having the developed system of crystae in the actively growing apices and those with weakly developed crystae in the resting seed or low active "waiting meristem" are much more pronounced.
Protoderm
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) All of the transcripts were highly expressed in the protoderm of the shoot apical meristem.
(2) The former occur in the ordinary protodermal cells, the latter in some meristemoids.
(3) In situ hybridization showed expression of the EP2 gene in protoderm cells of somatic and zygotic embryos and transient expression in epidermis cells of leaf primordia and all flower organs.
(4) Marsupial development differs from early development of placental mammals in that the blastocyst is unilaminar, so that both embryonic and extraembryonic cells are derived from a single layer of cells (protoderm) which faces the blastocyst cavity.
(5) Antiserum elicited against a 16-residue synthetic lambda-actin peptide SAc4:257 reacted with a 46-kilodalton protein in soybean extracts, showed specificity for the lambda-peptide over the divergent kappa- and mu-actin peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and reacted strongly and preferentially with root protoderm in apical roots and in lateral root primordia.
(6) The protodermal cells producing the 'floating' guard cell mother cells (GMCs) in three Anemia species undergo an extraordinary polarization and an unexpected shaping.
(7) A late replicating X chromosome was identified in the protoderm cells of female unilaminar blastocysts and in the cells of embryonic and extra-embryonic regions of older blastocysts.
(8) No cellular unit of the eutherian blastula is recognizable unequivocally as the homologue of a specific part of the protodermal marsupial blastula; progressive deletion of innovative but phylogenetically older ontogenetic steps probably figured importantly in the evolution of eutherian early embryogenesis.
(9) In the symmetrical divisions of guard cell mother cells (GMC), as well as in those of protodermal cells, the PMB runs right round the internal plasmalemma surface in an equatorial position, coinciding with that of the future cell plate.
(10) The addition of the 32-kD endochitinase to ts11 embryo cultures at the nonpermissive temperature appeared to promote the formation of a correctly formed embryo protoderm.