What's the difference between mesencephalon and neuraxis?
Mesencephalon
Definition:
(n.) The middle segment of the brain; the midbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to mesen. See Brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-HT containing terminals and fibers also were observed in the mesencephalon and appeared to run rostrally in the medial part of the medial forebrain bundle.
(2) Effects of noxious electrical tooth stimulations and intraarterial administration of bradykinin or inhalation of volatile anesthetics on substance P content in the diencephalon-mesencephalon, pons-medulla and the spinal cord were examined in the rat.
(3) In order to study the interactions between serotonergic mechanism and electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray substance, rats were trained to lever-press for terminating aversive electric stimuli applied at the Periaqueductal gray and adjoining tectum of the mesencephalon.
(4) The activity of glycerophosphorylcholine phosphodiesterases was determined in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and olfactory bulb during postnatal development from P5 to P70 of rat brain.
(5) In addition, these amines caused a concurrent change in the release of ACh at perfusion loci in both thalamus and mesencephalon.
(6) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
(7) The onset of convulsions induced by these convulsants coincides with the fall in GABA content and GAD activity in the mesencephalon area, and in contrast, the cessation of the convulsions by PN supplement coincides with the recovery in both the parameters.
(8) However, a later component of the Cnf-AEP whose generation locus within the mesencephalon is unknown was modulated by bf stimulation.
(9) Six hours after treatment with AOAA the GABA levels in the cerebellum, the cortex, the ventral mesencephalon and the striatum.
(10) Responses of substantia nigra zona compacta neurons to nomifensine and amantadine were studied with intracellular recording techniques (current and voltage clamp) in in vitro slice preparation of rat mesencephalon.
(11) These results describe a novel neurochemical system within the rat basal ganglia that is regulated by dopaminergic innervation from the mesencephalon.
(12) The left vertebral angiography revealed an anteriovenous malformation in the mesencephalon mainly feeded by the thalamoperforate artery and the medial branch of the posterior choroidal artery.
(13) (1) In 27 animals microinjection of 25--100 ng of angiotensin II through chronic cannulae implanted in the preoptic region initiated drinking and in subsequent acute experiments influenced the spontaneous discharge rate of single neurons in the ipsi-lateral mesencephalon.
(14) Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), GABA appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10).
(15) Behavioral augmentation also has been shown with opioids such as morphine, and it is known that a stimulant action on dopaminergic perikarya in the ventromedial mesencephalon is critical to the development of behavioral sensitization to morphine.
(16) Since EKC- and NANM-induced cardiovascular and respiratory depression were not observed in conscious intact or chronic spinal dog, it is suggested that: 1) kappaergic system rostral to mesencephalon may play a role in counteracting these depressant effects of EKC; 2) sigma receptor-mediated tachypnea and tachycardia are dissociable; the tachypneic effect may be mediated through higher center while the medulla oblongata is involved in producing tachycardia.
(17) Critical points of changing axial orientation were identified at the mesencephalon, the Rathke pouch and third branchial arch, and with the hepato-cardio-respiratory complex split between the 2 axes.
(18) The local cerebral blood flow and oxygen tension in the brain cortex, the reticular formation of the mesencephalon and the posterior hypothalamus were studied in chronic experiments in non-anesthetized rabbits with experimentally induced myocardial infarction.
(19) The variation was in the order leptomeninges greater than hypothalamus greater than cerebral cortex = mesencephalon greater than cerebellum = brain stem.
(20) In the present work, using the indirect peroxidase-labelled antibody technique, we made a comparative study about the distribution of Met-enkephalin-like-immunoreactive (ELI)-cell bodies in rat mesencephalon; comparing animals that received colchicine into the lateral ventricle and animals that got the colchicine injected into different cerebral nuclei.
Neuraxis
Definition:
(n.) See Axis cylinder, under Axis.
Example Sentences:
(1) These cases show that an examination of the whole neuraxis is as important in patients with midline posterior fossa cysts as it is in patients with developmental syringomyelia or Chiari I malformation.
(2) This lower radiation dose to the neuraxis was used to avoid late adverse effects upon the growing central nervous system of the children.
(3) A 13-year-old boy developed widespread osteoblastic bone metastases, with dissemination throughout the neuraxis, 1 year following treatment of a differentiated (Kernohan and Sayre grade II) astrocytoma of the left parietal cortex.
(4) Furthermore it appears that neither the level of the lesion along the neuraxis nor concomitant injury to the medial lemniscal pathways is crucial for the development of CPSP.
(5) Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare intracerebral neoplasm that occasionally disseminates along the neuraxis.
(6) The lack of scratching and paw shaking during the first 3 postnatal weeks and the adult-like EMG patterns at onset are consistent with the hypothesis that pattern-generating circuits within lumbosacral segments are available early in development but inhibited by the rostral neuraxis until postural control is sufficient to accommodate the response.
(7) Although the authors agree with the doses used to treat the posterior fossa, the current doses recommended to eradicate the microscopic disease in the rest of the neuroaxis appear excessive; a lesser dose can be as effective and may decrease the rate and severity of complications.The authors believe that there is enough evidence to initiate a randomized, multi-institutional clinical trial using 20 to 25 Gy to the neuraxis (other than the posterior fossa) in one of the arms, especially when there is no evidence of tumor outside the posterior fossa.Electron beam radiation of the spinal component can decrease the dose to some of the normal structures and prevent some of the long-term sequelae.
(8) PEEP at two different levels (10 and 20 cmH2O) was applied to the following groups: animals with neuraxis intact (I group, n = 12); vagal and aortic nerve denervated animals with carotid sinus nerves intact (V group, n = 6); carotid sinus denervated animals with vagal and aortic nerves intact (SD group, n = 6); and carotid sinus denervated animals also having severed vagal and aortic nerves (SAV group, n = 12).
(9) Previous studies not using cell markers have concluded that the craniocaudal level of the induced neuraxis is determined by the age of the donor, that is, young donors induce cranial neuraxial levels, whereas old donors induce caudal levels.
(10) Abnormalities in the structure of cells, primarily of the dendrites, are observed in portions of the neuraxis, such as the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortices.
(11) This degree of massive neuraxial spread without systemic metastases appears to be unique.
(12) Estradiol and progestin receptors were studied in 20 patients with neuraxial Schwann cell tumors, and their presence was correlated to the clinicopathologic features and the amount of preoperative corticosteroid therapy.
(13) The purpose of this study is to provide a complete map of brain macrophage and microglia distribution in all regions of the neuraxis from birth to sexual maturity.
(14) Patients with germ cell or radiosensitive tumors were treated with a uniform policy of whole neuraxis radiotherapy giving 50 Gy to the local tumor and 30 Gy to the remaining brain and spinal cord.
(15) These unique sarcomas may be confused with vascular lesions and have not been found to spread through the neuraxis.
(16) Pathologic lesions were microscopic and consisted of widespread vacuolation of the neuraxis, chiefly in white matter and less markedly in grey matter.
(17) The following annotation presents an overview of recent investigations which have shown: that peripheral nerve grafts can stimulate axonal outgrowth in many descending and ascending fibre populations of the injured spinal cord and that central nervous system (CNS) implants, derived from segmental and supraspinal levels of the embryonic neuraxis, may likewise have the potential for promoting repair of damaged intraspinal neural circuitries in adult and neonatal recipients.
(18) The main objective of the work was to define the degree of concordance and the anatomical localization of maximal vascular permeability change and fibrin deposition within the neuraxis of recipient rats during the earliest expression of clinical manifestations of the disease.
(19) Congenital arachnoid cyst must be distinguished from various cystic lesions within the central nervous system, including the neuroepithelial cyst which can arise throughout the neuraxis.
(20) Following CxCAO in animals with neuraxis intact, no significant alterations of SNA occurred despite the significant fall in mean blood pressure (MBP).