(n.) The act or process, by which living tissues or cells take up and convert into their own proper substance the nutritive material brought to them by the blood, or by which they transform their cell protoplasm into simpler substances, which are fitted either for excretion or for some special purpose, as in the manufacture of the digestive ferments. Hence, metabolism may be either constructive (anabolism), or destructive (katabolism).
Example Sentences:
(1) In studies of calcium metabolism in 13 unselected patients with untreated sarcoidosis all were normocalcaemic but five had hypercalcuria.
(2) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(3) Theophylline kinetics, as an in vivo probe for the potentially toxic cytochrome P-450I pathway of drug metabolism, were studied in 11 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with calcific chronic pancreatitis at Madras, South India.
(4) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
(5) The ability of azelastine to influence antigen-induced contractile responses (Schultz-Dale phenomenon) in isolated tracheal segments of the guinea-pig was investigated and compared with selected antiallergic drugs and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
(6) These studies show that metabolic activation is necessary for the expression of the mutagenic activity of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in N. crassa.
(7) A progressively more precise approach to identifying affected individuals involves measuring body weight and height, then energy intake (or expenditure) and finally the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
(8) The penetration of (22)Na was not prevented by the presence of metabolic inhibitors or by 500 mm NaCl in the suspending medium.
(9) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(10) This new observation offers good possibilities to study the metabolism of tryptophan at the cellular level.
(11) Also we found that the lipid deposition in the glomeruli of patients with Alagille syndrome is related to an abnormal lipid metabolism, which is the consequence of severe cholestasis.
(12) The obvious need for highly effective contraception in women with existing disorders of glucose metabolism has led to a search for oral contraceptive (OC) regimens for such women that are efficient but without unacceptable metabolic side effects.
(13) Angiopathic and traumatic influences conditioned by metabolism, apart from local peculiarities are taken into consideration.
(14) These results could be explained by altered tissue blood flow and a decreased metabolic capacity of the liver in obese subjects.
(15) MAF-G activity was inhibited by mitomycin C and colchicine, which inhibit DNA synthesis and mitosis, respectively, but not by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism.
(16) The measurement of the intestinal metabolism of the nitrogen moiety of glutamic acid has been investigated by oral ingestion of l-[15N]glutamic acid and sampling of arterialized blood.
(17) No significant fatty acid binding by proteins was detected in S. cerevisiae, even when grown on a fatty acid-rich medium, thus indicating that such proteins are not essential to fatty acid metabolism.
(18) These two types of transfer functions are appropriate to explain the transition to anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic threshold), with a hyperbolic transfer characteristic representing a graded transition; and a sigmoid transfer characteristic representing an abrupt transition.
(19) The sexual dimorphism in hepatic drug metabolism found in Crl:CD-1 mice is due to the normally repressive effects of testicular androgens on the activities of hepatic monooxygenases.
(20) In contrast, HEL antigen requires metabolically active cells for both of these processes.
Urea
Definition:
(a.) A very soluble crystalline body which is the chief constituent of the urine in mammals and some other animals. It is also present in small quantity in blood, serous fluids, lymph, the liver, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These data suggest that the hybrid is formed by the same mechanism in the absence and presence of the urea step.
(2) The fourth cluster included the type strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii, A. equuli, A. pleuropneumoniae, A. suis, A. ureae, H. parahaemolyticus, H. parainfluenzae, H. paraphrohaemolyticus, H. ducreyi, and P. haemolytica.
(3) Thymus and spleen cells from such hypogammaglobulinaemic chickens were extracted with non-ionic detergents, acid urea, or combinations of urea and detergent, and the extracts were analysed for Ig by the inhibition assay.
(4) Triglyceride (Trigly) in female dogs, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and urea nitrogen (Urea-N) in male dogs tended to increase.
(5) The two main subunits present in rabbit skeletal tropomyosin, which have been named the alpha- and beta-chains, were separated by chromatography on CM-cellulose in urea at pH4.0.
(6) The temperature-activated 4 to 5 S EBP transformation is found to be highly reproducible without loss of [3H]estradiol-binding activity in a buffer containing an excess of [3H]estradiol, 40 mM Tris, 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 1 M urea at pH 7.4.
(7) The blockage of the tubular system by the calcium oxalate deposits leads to a temporary reversible increase in serum urea and serum creatinine.
(8) Urea was determined by means of diacetyl monoxim in the blood cells of 80 cockerels of the initial breed White Leghorn, commercial hybrid Primant.
(9) Urea decreased and valine increased in the TD medulla-pons.
(10) The complex was found to be unstable toward low values of pH and ionic strength, concentrations of urea exceeding 1 M, modifications of the cysteine residues, and fragmention in which the C terminal portions of either H3 or H4 are removed.
(11) The decrease in the amount of excreted urea by 85% was also accompanied by a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
(12) The modified osmium-urea method gave better results and was easier to perform than the collagenase method.
(13) Conversely, when fed NIH-07, both mouse genotypes had a 20-22% higher (p less than 0.003) serum urea nitogren and 2-3.5% higher erythrocyte count (p less than 0.001) and hemoglobin concentration (p less than 0.04) than when fed AIN-76A.
(14) (7) The first-order radical transformation rates are independent of the (initial) concentration of N3 or peptide and unaffected by urea (as a modifier of hydrogen bond structures).
(15) Treatment of the enzyme with acid and urea resulted in dissociation of the enzyme followed by loss of catalytic activity.
(16) 6) The subunits alpha and beta of bovine follitropin were obtained by incubation in acidic urea, the chains being then separated by anion exchange chromatography.
(17) There were no major differences in blood composition, apart from increases in blood urea N, as a result of N fertilization.
(18) In contrast to the facilitated water and urea transport systems in the red blood cell, these results suggest that the mechanism for water and urea transport in the platelet is primarily by diffusion through membrane phospholipid.
(19) A significant treatment X time interaction was found for plasma urea.
(20) The disc-gel patterns of the 8 m urea-soluble proteins showed that C. perfringens caused extensive proteolysis in pig muscle and a lesser extent of proteolysis in rabbit muscle.