(n.) A rare mineral of resinous luster and high specific gravity. It is a tantalate of calcium, and occurs in octahedral crystals usually very minute.
(n.) A minute inclosed crystal, often observed when minerals or rocks are examined in thin sections under the microscope.
Example Sentences:
(1) Contrast radiography revealed that 100 microliters of solution injected i.t.
(2) For Rana catesbeiana Vf was 1.43 microliter min-1 or 0.2 microliter min-1 mg choroid plexus-1 and for Rana pipiens Vf was 0.2 microliter min-1 or 0.1 microliter min-1 mg choroid plexus-1.
(3) The method permits analysis of as little as 2 microliter normal rat tissue homogenate representing 0.4 mg liver tissue (approx 40 micrograms total protein).
(4) Foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera) were trained with 2 successively presented targets differing in color or odor, one of which always contained a 5-microliters drop of 50% sucrose solution and the other, a 5-microliters drop of 20% sucrose solution.
(5) The in vitro transcript probes could detect 1 ng of purified virus and as little as 1 microliter of sap extracts prepared from infected oat shoots.
(6) To 10 microliter of serum, 10 microliter of the internal standard solution and 50 microliter of ethanol are added.
(7) Rabbit corneas grown in organ culture (24 well plate) were inoculated topically with 50 microliters (5 x 10(5) pfu) of different ocular adenoviral serotypes (ATCC and clinical isolates).
(8) The minimum pyrogenic dose in both new-born and adult guinea-pigs was 0.25 microliter, but the 0 to 5-day old animals which responded with a fever to this dose were few in number and large in weight; 'small-for age' neonates became hypothermic.
(9) Infusion of the mixed agonist dopamine (0, 2.0, 10.0, 20.0 micrograms in 0.5 microliter vehicle) into the ventrolateral striatum was found to elicit intense oral stereotypy.
(10) For direct measurement of the ESR signal of superoxide anion (O2-) produced in biological samples, O2- generated at a physiological pH was trapped in alkaline media instead of by a rapid freezing method, and then its signal was measured by ESR spectroscopy at 77 K. A reaction mixture for O2- generation, such as xanthine oxidase-xanthine and neutrophils, was incubated at a physiological pH (pH 7.0-7.5) for a suitable reaction period (30s), then an aliquot (300 microliters) was pipetted out and squirted into 600 microliters of 0.5 M NaOH to stabilize O2- (pH-jump).
(11) The purified enzyme worked best at 37 degrees C and pH 8.0 in a reaction mixture (50 microliters) containing 1.0 micrograms lambda DNA, 10mM Tris-HCl, 7 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 7 mM MgCl2 and 25mM NaCl.
(12) Five microliters of acetic anhydride was added to the serum to convert all 5-ASA to Ac-5-ASA.
(13) During this search we identified a novel germline transcript containing the JH-C microliter sequence in LyD9 and some of its derivative cells.
(14) Alert, adult male rats were given a 5 microliters intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
(15) Plasma from both subject groups (10-100 microliters) inhibited platelet and synaptosomal MAO in a dose-dependent manner to approximately the same degree at each time interval.
(16) In a first experiment the neurons of the lateral hypothalamus were destroyed unilaterally by local injection of ibotenic acid (4 micrograms in 0.5 microliter).
(17) Following derivatization with 50 microliters of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide-pyridine (1:1) for 20 min at 65 degrees C the samples are analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring.
(18) CSF-LZM measurement was performed by a rapid turbidimetric assay which required 50 microliters CSF only.
(19) Haemolysate 1 microliter ml-1 had no effect on the denuded artery rings under hypoxic conditions.
(20) Six to 9 weeks after proximal nerve section in 10-d-old and adult rats, 0.1 microliter injections of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP were made in the distal part of the reinnervated internal intercostal muscle.
Niobium
Definition:
(n.) A later name of columbium. See Columbium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb) and commercially pure titanium (c.p.
(2) The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of cancer among 318 male employees of a niobium mining company which was only operated between 1951 and 1965.
(3) The addition of niobium resulted in an increase in relative exposure of 30.6% at 70 kVp and 10.7% at 90 kVp at a depth of 6 cm.
(4) Additional niobium caused an increase in the film speed produced by the half-wave units, especially in the case of the lower kilovoltage, less filtered beam.
(5) Investigations with mice have shown, that niobium powder is insoluble, does not irritate tissues and is not resorbed.
(6) With particular regard to Aluminium filters, whose prices are far lower than Niobium ones, it has to be pointed out that: 1) in order to have the same air-Kerma reduction the Aluminium filter thickness must be quite heavy (2.8 mm) which causes practical problems of use; 2) the Aluminium filter causes image quality loss especially at lower kVs.
(7) The skin exposures from an X-ray beam with the added niobium filter and a beam with the aluminum filter alone were measured and compared.
(8) The titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy is extremely biocompatible and enables the fast ongrowth of newly formed osseous tissue to act as secondary stabilization.
(9) Radiation dose distributions measured in a Rando phantom revealed a higher reduction in the patient dose with the niobium filter.
(10) The performance of a niobium filter, with K-edge at 19 keV, and a copper filter have been studied concerning absorbed dose, image quality and tube loading.
(11) Thyroid dose was not lessened by using the niobium filter, however.
(12) Either a 0.05 mm niobium filter or a 0.10 mm copper filter was placed into the beam from an X-ray tube.
(13) In this study the authors discuss parameters which influence the emission spectrum of x-rays and criteria that have an influence on their distribution (anode current, tension), and they draw attention to the materials most frequently used for filter construction-niobium in particular.
(14) Niobium-95 with low average beta energy (0.043 MeV (100%)) does not increase the total dose to the GI tract significantly despite its longer retention in the intestine.
(15) This investigation studied the effect of adding niobium filtration to the dental x-ray beam assessing reduction in patient x-ray exposure and changes in image quality.
(16) Tungsten, niobium, and tantalum, but not manganese, chromium, or molybdenum, substituted for vanadium to form enzyme-activating complexes with glutathione.
(17) Radiographic contrast decreased linearly as the half-value layer increased (r2 = 0.956, P less than 0.0005), and no specific effects of constant potential or niobium filtration were revealed.
(18) The copper filter reduced skin doses more than the niobium filter did, and caused less increase in tube loading.
(19) These results support the values currently used for radiological protection purposes to calculate doses from the ingestion of niobium isotopes; these are 1% for adults and 2% for infants in the first year of life.
(20) In vitro experiments have been carried out to study the solubility and metabolic behaviour in human lung tissue and plasma of hard metal alloy constituents such as cobalt, tungsten, tantalum, titanium and niobium.