What's the difference between mimicking and mimicry?
Mimicking
Definition:
(p. pr. & vb. n.) of Mimic
Example Sentences:
(1) Further analysis with two other synthetic peptides (212Cys to 222Glu and Cys X 221Ile to 236Glu) indicated that the dodecapeptide Ile-Glu-Phe-Gln-Lys-Asn-Asn-Arg-Leu-Leu-Glu mimicked either the whole or a major part of the neutralization epitope.
(2) We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients).
(3) Here we report that the increase in the probability of S-channel opening with FMRFamide is mimicked by application of 12-HPETE to cell-free membrane patches that lack ATP and GTP.
(4) Forskolin mimicked TSH effects on cAMP and thyroglobulin synthesis.
(5) While the mechanism of TGF beta action is not clear, A-II probably is acting through protein kinase C. Indeed the protein kinase C activating phorbol ester, TPA, mimicked the inhibitory effects of A-II on 3 beta HSD and P450(17 alpha).
(6) It was demonstrated that adenosine receptor activation by N6-(R-phenyl-isopropyl)-adenosine (PIA) caused a block of electrical activity and abolished the ensuing alterations in [Ca2+]i. PIA mimicked the inhibitory action of somatostatin.
(7) (2) Sequences of brightness steps of like polarity (either increments or decrements) elicit positive and negative motion-dependent response components when mimicking motion in the cell's preferred and null direction, respectively.
(8) Other nucleoside triphosphates were also able to compete with TNP-ATP for binding to beta; their order of effectiveness (ATP greater than GTP, ITP greater than CTP) mimicked the normal substrate specificity of CF1.
(9) Minihelices mimicking the amino acid acceptor and anticodon branches of yeast tRNA(Val) have been synthesized by in vitro transcription of synthetic templates.
(10) These effects are mediated via stereospecific opiate receptors, since they were antagonized by naloxone and not mimicked by the D+ enantiomer of levorphanol, dextrophan.
(11) A sonographic feature mimicking "space occupying lesions" was identified in 41 cases with focal fatty liver, which led to the recognition of four sonographic patterns: (1) Ten patients in whom the livers were characterized by irregular configurations of hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas.
(12) The effect of the cyclic AMP analogue was mimicked by glucagon (10 nM), and was seen whether cyclic AMP or glucagon was added 5 min or 12 h before the addition of vasopressin.
(13) Down-regulation of receptors was mimicked in part by other agents that elevated cyclic AMP levels in the cells such as cholera toxin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
(14) On the other hand, when the cells are treated with veratridine, which opens sodium channels, thereby mimicking one aspect of muscle contraction, their AChE levels are comparable to those of untreated cells.
(15) Its in vitro effects occurred only at comparatively high concentrations and were mimicked by protoporphyrin IX and haemin.
(16) 10 microM forskolin, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, mimicked the effects of 5-HT as did a membrane-permeant cyclic AMP analogue, 8-parachlorophenylthio cyclic AMP (cpt-cAMP).
(17) The situation of high cell density could be mimicked by the addition of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells to sparsely seeded proliferating cells.
(18) With respect to the resting membrane properties La mimicked the action of Ba and of altered K concentrations, both of which are known to exert their effects mainly by changing the K permeability.
(19) Three such cases, clinically mimicking the classic (giant cell) temporal arteritis of the elderly, are described.
(20) Calcitriol stimulation of Na+ fluxes across the brush border as an alternate possibility is unlikely for the following reason: the calcium ionophore A23187, while mimicking the stimulatory action of calcitriol on calcium (Ca2+) uptake, reduced epithelial Na+ uptake.
Mimicry
Definition:
(n.) The act or practice of one who mimics; ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule.
(n.) Protective resemblance; the resemblance which certain animals and plants exhibit to other animals and plants or to the natural objects among which they live, -- a characteristic which serves as their chief means of protection against enemies; imitation; mimesis; mimetism.
Example Sentences:
(1) Antigenic mimicry by T. cruzi antigens sharing epitopes with host macromolecules has been implicated in the pathogenesis which is thought to have a significant autoimmune component.
(2) To investigate the possible involvement of epitopes shared by microbial antigens and host self-components in initiation of autoimmunity (molecular mimicry), a sequence data bank was screened for proteins containing an amino acid motif identical or related to ERKRR.
(3) The homology thus revealed not only lends strong support to mechanisms of autoimmunity that invoke the theory of molecular mimicry of viral proteins, but also suggests a rationale for the skeletal muscle target of polymyositis.
(4) They include antigenic variation, antigenic polymorphism, antigenic mimicry and direct interference with the generation of the host immune response.
(5) The basis of the stimulation of this group of autoantibodies is at least in part due to antigenic mimicry between the envelope protein VP3 of LDV and determinants of intermediate filaments, since a panel of monoclonal antibodies cross-reacts with both.
(6) The role of molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies was investigated with respect to the epitopes involved.
(7) The possibility of molecular mimicry (antibody cross-reactivity between LCM and RBC membrane epitopes) was considered but appeared unlikely since the RBC antibody eluates gave no signal in an LCM-specific ELISA (which showed an ever increasing serum titer of virus-specific antibody).
(8) To examine how mimicry was influenced by a person's power and the status of those around them, Carr asked 55 volunteers to watch videos of high-status people (such as a doctor or business leader) or low-status people (a worker in a fast food restaurant, say, or a rubbish collector) either being happy or angry.
(9) Although several means have been hypothesized to play a role in disease, a widely accepted mechanism for viral-induced autoimmunity is molecular mimicry.
(10) In an effort to understand the structural basis for antigen mimicry by internal image antibodies, we determined the variable (V) region sequences of two mouse mAbs that mimic the rabbit Ig a1 allotype.
(11) Phenotypic switching and molecular mimicry may also provide the organism with an arsenal of mechanisms to evade host defenses.
(12) The binding of antibodies in the sera of patients with Lyme arthritis to the NH2-terminal region of the flagellar protein, a region with sequence homology to the flagellar proteins of other bacterial species, suggests the possibility that antigenic mimicry contributes to the immunopathogenesis of Lyme disease.
(13) Antigenic mimicry has been demonstrated to be operative, since they are cross-reactive to viral proteins.
(14) Although the thickness of the soft tissue is dependent on exogenous factors, such as nutrition, mimicry, and so forth, the dimensions of the bony nose apparently also influence the skin depths to some extent.
(15) Molecular mimicry or epitope similarity between group A streptococcal M proteins and myosin may contribute to the presence of heart reactive antibodies in acute rheumatic fever.
(16) Our results show that the macromolecular assemblage approach bears immunological mimicry of the gp120 of HIV virus and may lead to useful vaccines against HIV infection.
(17) Variations in the antigenic behaviour of parasites and their immunological mimicry by uptake of substances from the host and their immunosuppressive action are discussed.
(18) Hence it is not likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of HAM through molecular mimicry.
(19) It has been suggested that molecular mimicry might be a reason for autoimmunity as a result of immunological cross reactivity.
(20) Other mechanisms including antigenic mimicry by capsular polysaccharides and antigenic masquerade by immunoglobulin fragments confer additional resistance to the extracellular life style of these organisms.