(v. i.) An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple minerals or aggregates of minerals.
(v. i.) A mine.
(v. i.) Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most general classification of things into three kingdoms (animal, vegetable, and mineral).
(a.) Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of minerals; as, a mineral substance.
(a.) Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(2) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(3) There will be no statutory inquiry or independent review into the notorious clash between police and miners at Orgreave on 18 June 1984 , the home secretary, Amber Rudd, has announced.
(4) There was however no difference in the cross-sectional studies and no significant deleterious effect detected of tobacco use on forearm bone mineral content.
(5) From these results, it was suggested that the inhibitory effect of Cd on in vitro calcification of MC3T3-E1 cells may be due to both a depression of cell-mediated calcification and a decrease in physiochemical mineral deposition.
(6) The effect of dietary fibre digestion in the human gut on its ability to alter bowel habit and impair mineral absorption has been investigated using the technique of metablic balance.
(7) The greatest advantages of spinal QCT for noninvasive bone mineral measurement lie in the high precision of the technique, the high sensitivity of the vertebral trabecular measurement site, and the potential for widespread application.
(8) The model has been used to evaluate mineral changes from the use of fluoride dentifrices and rinses, chewing gum, and food sequencing.
(9) These data indicate improved bone mineralization as compared with previously reported data from very-low-birth-weight neonates.
(10) Gladstone's speech was not made in Parliament, but to a crowd of landless agricultural workers and miners in Scotland's central belt, Gove pointed out.
(11) Artificially produced mineral waters which are identical to natural ones are also applied.
(12) The method of mineral estimation using phalanges is described and its reproducibility was tested on 17 parameters.
(13) Secondary structural features of bovine amelogenin, a hydrophobic protein of developing enamel implicated in ename mineralization, are derived using 2D NMR spectroscopy in solution and molecular mechanics-dynamics studies.
(14) Reduced mineral absorption is fairly well documented and has sound theoretical support from basic chemistry.
(15) Microbiological analyses of sediments located near a point source for petrogenic chemicals resulted in the isolation of a pyrene-mineralizing bacterium.
(16) Years of education completed and poverty status did not significantly affect folate concentrations; however, the prevalence of low folate concentrations among users of vitamin or mineral supplements was significantly lower than it was among nonusers in selected subgroups.
(17) Unsupplemented human breast milk may not provide sufficient calcium and phosphorus for the rapidly growing preterm infant to match the accumulation that should have taken place in utero and to permit normal bone mineralization.
(18) In some areas of the ligament, extracellular plasma membrane-invested matrix vesicles and thick wall-bound matrix giant bodies with or without mineralized deposits were present.
(19) My grandfather was a coal miner and Nana was rather plump and bossy.
(20) These diets were: diet C consisting of commercial Rat Chow: diet CG, the same diet diluted with 70% glucose calories, diet A, a simulated "American" diet made up of 25 widely used foods, diet AS, the same diet supplemented with small amounts of 25 vitamins and minerals.
Pyrogenic
Definition:
(a.) Producing heat; -- said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the temperature of the body and cause fever.
Example Sentences:
(1) Central injections of 40 and 80 ng of [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH caused hypothermia in afebrile rabbits, whereas 20 and 10 ng, which had no effect on afebrile body temperature, caused greater than 40% reduction in leukocytic pyrogen-induced fever.
(2) In the active phase all the patients exhibited an abrupt increase in the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in blood neutrophils, a drop in the level of CP (in 69%), a rise in the activity of MP (in 32%); pyrogenal did not induce any capacity for restoring HCT (in 44%).
(3) MAbs W1-W3 derived from mice, which were immunized with whole cells of the strain Moulton, reacted with the serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pyrogenes.
(4) Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) are thought to be endogenous pyrogens, i.e., to mediate fever production; warm-sensitive (W) and cold-sensitive (C) neurons in the preoptic area (POA) are presumed to be the ultimate targets of endogenous pyrogens.
(5) The Limulus amebocyte lysate test has been used for determination of pyrogens in sugar of different qualities.
(6) The minimum pyrogenic dose in both new-born and adult guinea-pigs was 0.25 microliter, but the 0 to 5-day old animals which responded with a fever to this dose were few in number and large in weight; 'small-for age' neonates became hypothermic.
(7) Twelve serovars included in the study were: australis, autumnalis, ballum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, pyrogenes, and tarassovi.
(8) Another property shared by IL 1 and IL 6 is their pyrogenicity.
(9) IL-6 induction was also observed after pretreatment with indomethacin, indicating that the effect was dissociated from the pyrogenic activity of IL-1.
(10) Protein malnutrition leads to diminished pyrogenicity of macrophage culture supernatants and may be at least partly responsible for the decreased febrile response seen in the malnourished animals.
(11) In its monomer form, endogenous pyrogen is a potent fever-producing substance and mediates fever by its action on the thermoregulatory center.
(12) Immobilized histidine and immobilized histamine could be used for the removal of natural pyrogens contaminating various useful low-molecular-weight compounds as well as high-molecular-weight compounds such as proteins.
(13) Reusing hemodialyzers more than 20 times and, in some instances, also using manual reprocessing systems was significantly associated with clustering of pyrogenic reactions regardless of the type of germicide used.
(14) The effects of various kinds of drugs on the pyrogenicity of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and its capacity to enhance the lethal effects of endotoxin in rabbits were studied.
(15) The hyperthermic response to pyrogen was not potentiated by caffeine or theophylline administered i.p.
(16) With regard to Group I, there was a high number of positive (32.3%) and a variation in the frequency of serovars, the results being as follows: L. butembo (38.8%), L. pomona (33.3%), L. bratislava (31.4%), L. icterohemorragica (12.9%), L. borincana (3.7%) and finally L. canicola, L. pyrogenes, L. wolffii and L. bataviae (1.8%).
(17) Parenterals, sterile preparations intended to be injected in man or animal, should be free from pyrogenic substances which are able to raise the thermostatic setting in the hypothalamus.
(18) Titers for Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa, pyrogenes, djasiman, butembo, and pomona were demonstrated.
(19) The fever responses of the animals were remeasured 3 days later, and in every case there was a marked enhancement of the fevers produced, using the same doses of endogenous pyrogen that were used earlier.
(20) The results were compared with rabbit pyrogen tests.