(v. i.) An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple minerals or aggregates of minerals.
(v. i.) A mine.
(v. i.) Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most general classification of things into three kingdoms (animal, vegetable, and mineral).
(a.) Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of minerals; as, a mineral substance.
(a.) Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(2) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(3) There will be no statutory inquiry or independent review into the notorious clash between police and miners at Orgreave on 18 June 1984 , the home secretary, Amber Rudd, has announced.
(4) There was however no difference in the cross-sectional studies and no significant deleterious effect detected of tobacco use on forearm bone mineral content.
(5) From these results, it was suggested that the inhibitory effect of Cd on in vitro calcification of MC3T3-E1 cells may be due to both a depression of cell-mediated calcification and a decrease in physiochemical mineral deposition.
(6) The effect of dietary fibre digestion in the human gut on its ability to alter bowel habit and impair mineral absorption has been investigated using the technique of metablic balance.
(7) The greatest advantages of spinal QCT for noninvasive bone mineral measurement lie in the high precision of the technique, the high sensitivity of the vertebral trabecular measurement site, and the potential for widespread application.
(8) The model has been used to evaluate mineral changes from the use of fluoride dentifrices and rinses, chewing gum, and food sequencing.
(9) These data indicate improved bone mineralization as compared with previously reported data from very-low-birth-weight neonates.
(10) Gladstone's speech was not made in Parliament, but to a crowd of landless agricultural workers and miners in Scotland's central belt, Gove pointed out.
(11) Artificially produced mineral waters which are identical to natural ones are also applied.
(12) The method of mineral estimation using phalanges is described and its reproducibility was tested on 17 parameters.
(13) Secondary structural features of bovine amelogenin, a hydrophobic protein of developing enamel implicated in ename mineralization, are derived using 2D NMR spectroscopy in solution and molecular mechanics-dynamics studies.
(14) Reduced mineral absorption is fairly well documented and has sound theoretical support from basic chemistry.
(15) Microbiological analyses of sediments located near a point source for petrogenic chemicals resulted in the isolation of a pyrene-mineralizing bacterium.
(16) Years of education completed and poverty status did not significantly affect folate concentrations; however, the prevalence of low folate concentrations among users of vitamin or mineral supplements was significantly lower than it was among nonusers in selected subgroups.
(17) Unsupplemented human breast milk may not provide sufficient calcium and phosphorus for the rapidly growing preterm infant to match the accumulation that should have taken place in utero and to permit normal bone mineralization.
(18) In some areas of the ligament, extracellular plasma membrane-invested matrix vesicles and thick wall-bound matrix giant bodies with or without mineralized deposits were present.
(19) My grandfather was a coal miner and Nana was rather plump and bossy.
(20) These diets were: diet C consisting of commercial Rat Chow: diet CG, the same diet diluted with 70% glucose calories, diet A, a simulated "American" diet made up of 25 widely used foods, diet AS, the same diet supplemented with small amounts of 25 vitamins and minerals.
Smoker
Definition:
(n.) One who dries or preserves by smoke.
(n.) One who smokes tobacco or the like.
(n.) A smoking car or compartment.
Example Sentences:
(1) The prevalence was also higher in medium and heavy smokers.
(2) It has been speculated that these cigarette smoke-induced alterations contribute to the depressed pulmonary defense mechanisms commonly demonstrated in smokers.
(3) It is stated, that it is impossible to strive to effectively control the smoking habit neither by way of the consulting hours for smokers nor by means of the 5-days-plans.
(4) But employers who have followed a fair procedure may have the right to discipline or finally dismiss any smoker who refuses to accept the new rules.
(5) In contrast to many other studies, cigarette smokers were at elevated risk (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.9-3.0).
(6) Alveolar deposition, however, assessed in terms of particle retention at 24 hours, was significantly (p less than 0.01) less in the smokers.
(7) The ABI figures revealed that the best annuity for someone who is a heavy smoker and has severely impaired health was at Prudential, which paid out 46% more than the worst, from Friends Life.
(8) Twelve young male smokers each participated in four conditions on 4 separate days: stress + nicotine, stress + placebo (stress alone), rest + nicotine (nicotine alone), and rest + placebo.
(9) At cut-off levels chosen to yield the same false positive rate the quantitative DBA method detected 93% of smokers, close to that of 98% detected with the cotinine RIA.
(10) Smokers who have had changes of above said subsets of lymphocytes in the lungs may develop lung cancer.
(11) Serum estradiol and estrone levels during oral hormone administration were lower in smokers than in nonsmokers, whereas no differences related to smoking habits were observed during percutaneous hormone administration.
(12) After a four-week period on a placebo, hypertensive smokers were treated with slow-release nicardipine 40 mg twice daily for six months and were checked at the end of the placebo period, after the first dose of nicardipine and at the end of six months of therapy.
(13) Cigarette smokers did not differ significantly from users of smokeless tobacco regarding hypercholesterolemia.
(14) In 227 smokers' clinic clients who managed at least one week of abstinence, ratings of withdrawal symptoms were used to predict subsequent return to smoking.
(15) It was shown, that the rate of disaccustoming was higher for light smokers than for smokers with a high consumption of cigarettes.
(16) Smoking behaviour, self-reported mood and cardiac activity were examined in 12 "sedative" and 12 "stimulant" smokers, defined using Mangan and Golding's questionnaire.
(17) The effect of nicotine on the nervous system during rapid smoking of two calibrated cigarettes was measured in twenty subjects: light, medium, heavy and non-smokers, across the changes of a number of electrophysiological variables and in different situations.
(18) While millions have stopped smoking in the past two decades, about 55 million people continue to smoke in the U.S. Of these smokers 85% would like to quit, and a majority have tried to do so at least once.
(19) We investigated the effect of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) on lipid peroxidation in 13 healthy smokers.
(20) These reversible changes in adrenergic regulation after smoking cessation may be associated with the relatively rapid reduction in cardiovascular disease risk among ex-smokers.