What's the difference between mineral and whewellite?
Mineral
Definition:
(v. i.) An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple minerals or aggregates of minerals.
(v. i.) A mine.
(v. i.) Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most general classification of things into three kingdoms (animal, vegetable, and mineral).
(a.) Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of minerals; as, a mineral substance.
(a.) Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(2) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(3) There will be no statutory inquiry or independent review into the notorious clash between police and miners at Orgreave on 18 June 1984 , the home secretary, Amber Rudd, has announced.
(4) There was however no difference in the cross-sectional studies and no significant deleterious effect detected of tobacco use on forearm bone mineral content.
(5) From these results, it was suggested that the inhibitory effect of Cd on in vitro calcification of MC3T3-E1 cells may be due to both a depression of cell-mediated calcification and a decrease in physiochemical mineral deposition.
(6) The effect of dietary fibre digestion in the human gut on its ability to alter bowel habit and impair mineral absorption has been investigated using the technique of metablic balance.
(7) The greatest advantages of spinal QCT for noninvasive bone mineral measurement lie in the high precision of the technique, the high sensitivity of the vertebral trabecular measurement site, and the potential for widespread application.
(8) The model has been used to evaluate mineral changes from the use of fluoride dentifrices and rinses, chewing gum, and food sequencing.
(9) These data indicate improved bone mineralization as compared with previously reported data from very-low-birth-weight neonates.
(10) Gladstone's speech was not made in Parliament, but to a crowd of landless agricultural workers and miners in Scotland's central belt, Gove pointed out.
(11) Artificially produced mineral waters which are identical to natural ones are also applied.
(12) The method of mineral estimation using phalanges is described and its reproducibility was tested on 17 parameters.
(13) Secondary structural features of bovine amelogenin, a hydrophobic protein of developing enamel implicated in ename mineralization, are derived using 2D NMR spectroscopy in solution and molecular mechanics-dynamics studies.
(14) Reduced mineral absorption is fairly well documented and has sound theoretical support from basic chemistry.
(15) Microbiological analyses of sediments located near a point source for petrogenic chemicals resulted in the isolation of a pyrene-mineralizing bacterium.
(16) Years of education completed and poverty status did not significantly affect folate concentrations; however, the prevalence of low folate concentrations among users of vitamin or mineral supplements was significantly lower than it was among nonusers in selected subgroups.
(17) Unsupplemented human breast milk may not provide sufficient calcium and phosphorus for the rapidly growing preterm infant to match the accumulation that should have taken place in utero and to permit normal bone mineralization.
(18) In some areas of the ligament, extracellular plasma membrane-invested matrix vesicles and thick wall-bound matrix giant bodies with or without mineralized deposits were present.
(19) My grandfather was a coal miner and Nana was rather plump and bossy.
(20) These diets were: diet C consisting of commercial Rat Chow: diet CG, the same diet diluted with 70% glucose calories, diet A, a simulated "American" diet made up of 25 widely used foods, diet AS, the same diet supplemented with small amounts of 25 vitamins and minerals.
Whewellite
Definition:
(n.) Calcium oxalate, occurring in colorless or white monoclinic crystals.
Example Sentences:
(1) A large number of trace elements has been found in calcium stones (whewellite, weddellite, and apatite) and in struvite.
(2) These included diverse mono-, di- and trimineral stones, spontaneously excreted and surgically removed whewellite and weddellite calculi.
(3) The technique involves determining the surface elemental (hence chemical) composition of fractured whewellite stones.
(4) Calcium oxalate stones more often showed a whewellite texture (Type 2) and a less frequent occurrence of weddellite (Type 4) as compared to the control groups.
(5) The investigation of the degree of interpenetration between the two component phases of whewellite kidney stones, the protein matrix and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallites, is extended by a technique of microchemical analysis, employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
(6) In solution a sequential series of phase transitions according to the steps calcium oxalate trihydrate-weddellite-whewellite is not likely to be energetically favoured; direct conversion of calcium oxalate trihydrate to whewellite should be, instead, ordinarily expected.
(7) SEM examination revealed structures similar to human stones such as bipyramidal weddellite, pseudomorphs from whewellite to weddellite, apatite deposits in cystine stones and characteristic mono-ammonium-urate needles.
(8) As transformation products are found fine-grained polycrystalline as well as due to recrystallisation larger monocrystalline whewellite.
(9) In patients with oxalate calculi the absorption of oxalic acid is totally increased and also in such ones with Whewellite-calculi.
(10) The prevalent types of calcium oxalate stones are: whewellite of concentric structure (linked with hyperuricemia) in Kirghizia; whewellite of small randomly orientated crystals (linked with hypercalciuria) and stones with signs of transformation of weddellite to whewellite in Moscow; (2) lesser distribution of phosphate lithiasis in Berlin than in Kirghizia and particularly in Moscow.
(11) Whewellite was the major component of calculi in all cases but the stones exhibited a peculiar morphological arrangement, with multiple small indentations and a fine mamillary structure.
(12) Tests were made, using both Vickers and Knoop indenters, on three compositions of calculi: 100% calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite), 100% uric acid, and 98% magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite) mixed with 2% carbonate apatite.
(13) When the ratio of the weddellite content to the total of weddellite and whewellite (weddellite ratio) calculated using Oka's method on the infrared spectra was compared with that determined previously by TG, the correlation coefficient between these ratios was 0.734.
(14) In addition to tetragonal bipyramids, weddellite forms further crystal shapes that have been heretofore interpreted exclusively as whewellite crystals.
(15) It is formally demonstrated that along two axial directions a set of atoms is in essentially identical positions in both weddellite and whewellite.
(16) Whewellite may precipitate in the same or a similar condition as uric acid precipitates, whereas weddellite may precipitate in a different condition.
(17) Powder samples of 56 calcium oxalate stones the contents of weddellite, whewellite and apatite of which had been determined by thermogravimetry (TG) were studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR).
(18) The necessity of operative removal of calculi is still relatively high in the most frequent species of calculi whewellite, weddellite, uric acid, struvite and carbonate apatite.
(19) Whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) crystals were found to induce epitaxially the heterogeneous nucleation of brushite (calcium monohydrogen phosphate dihydrate) from its metastable supersaturated solution in approximately one-quarter of the time required for spontaneous precipitation in the absence of added nucleating agents.
(20) Whewellite calculi were equally distributed in both race groups, while weddelite stones appeared to be much less common amongst blacks; the opposite applied for struvite and the rare ammonium acid urate stones.