(n.) One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is supposed to consist.
(n.) The smallest part of any substance which possesses the characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which can exist alone in a free state.
(n.) A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state; as, a molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Cf. Atom.
Example Sentences:
(1) A series of human cDNA clones of various sizes and relative localizations to the mRNA molecule were isolated by using the human p53-H14 (2.35-kilobase) cDNA probe which we previously cloned.
(2) Glucocorticoids have numerous effects some of which are permissive; steroids are thus important not only for what they do, but also for what they permit or enable other hormones and signal molecules to do.
(3) The results demonstrated that K2PtCl4 was bound to a greater degree than CDDP in this system with 3-5 and 1-2 platinum atoms respectively, bound per transferrin molecule.
(4) Complementarity determining regions (CDR) are conserved to different extents, with the first CDR region in all family members being among the most conserved segments of the molecule.
(5) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(6) However, the presence of these two molecules was restored if testosterone was supplemented immediately after orchiectomy.
(7) In the second approach, attachment sites of DTPA groups were directed away from the active region of the molecule by having fragment E1,2 bound in complex, with its active sites protected during the derivatization.
(8) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(9) These same molecules may be equally responsible for the pathologic characteristics of the immune response seen, for example, in inflammatory bowel diseases.
(10) A cDNA library prepared from human placenta has been screened for sequences coding for factor XIIIa, the enzymatically active subunit of the factor XIII complex that stabilizes blood clots through crosslinking of fibrin molecules.
(11) T cell costimulation by molecules on the antigen presenting cell (APC) is required for optimal T cell proliferation.
(12) The lipid A moiety was shown to be responsible for this novel biological activity of the LPS molecule.
(13) Both systems indicated that the Kupffer cell modified endotoxin by enriching the lipid content of the molecule and shortening the length of the O-antigen.
(14) Photoreactions induced in that proper sensitizer molecules absorb UV-light or visible light.
(15) At 100 microM-ACh the apparent open time became shorter probably due to channel blockade by ACh molecules.
(16) Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the strain distribution of the molecules defined by the mAb revealed that two of the antibodies (I-22 and III-5) were directed against nonpolymorphic determinants of Thy-1, whereas V-8 mAb reacted only with Thy-1.2+ lymphocytes.
(17) At a fixed concentration of nucleotide the effectiveness of elution was proportional to the charge on the eluting molecule.
(18) The relative rates of reduction of several spin-labeled molecules that partition differently across the hy-drophobic-interface of inner membranes from rat liver mitochondria were investigated.
(19) The seve polypeptide chains investigated had generalyy similar properties; all contained two residues per molecule of tryptophan and N-acetylserine was the common N-terminal amino acid residue.
(20) Much information has accumulated on the isolation and characterization of a heterogeneous group of molecules that inhibit one or more of the bioactivities of interleukin 1.
Monoxide
Definition:
(n.) An oxide containing one atom of oxygen in each molecule; as, barium monoxide.
Example Sentences:
(1) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(2) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(3) Immediately prior to and at maximal workloads, carbon monoxide shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within five minutes after exercise stopped.
(4) Extrapyramidal syndromes after ischemic anoxia are rare, when compared to their relative frequency after carbon monoxide poisoning.
(5) PaO2, PaCO2, plasma and erythrocyte pH, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and carbon monoxide saturation and intraerythrocytic 2-3 diphosphoglycerate concentration were measured during steady-state ventilation.
(6) Spirometry and lung volumes, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, chest radiograph, methacholine airway challenge, and bronchoalveolar lavage were done.
(7) Cytochromes b, c(555), possibly c(1), cytochrome oxidase, a carbon monoxide-binding pigment, and flavoproteins were detectable in the spectra of both intact cells and mitochondria.
(8) Readings show carbon monoxide was “significantly elevated” at times during the fire.
(9) Carbon monoxide accelerates the reaction as measured by nitric oxide oxidation or ozone formation.
(10) These cases illustrate the danger of using such heating sources in enclosed spaces, due to their carbon monoxide-generating capability.
(11) In the presence of dextran sulphate the recombination of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide after flash photolysis is biphasic and the fraction of quickly reacting material increases with dilution of the protein.
(12) The effect of various fuel additives on the ability of platinum-palladium catalytic converters to remove the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon components of automotive exhaust has been examined.
(13) For comparative purposes, blood was obtained from volunteers breathing carbon monoxide-free air and was found to contain 0.45 percent carboxyhemoglobin.
(14) MnO2 reduction with glucose by induced whole cells and cell extracts, was inhibited by 1 mM atebrine, 0.1 mM dicumarol, and 10 mM cyanide but not by antimycin A, 2n-nonyl-4-hydroxyguinoline-N-oxide) (NOQNO), 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl),1,3-butanedione, or carbon monoxide.
(15) Cigarette smoke contains approximately 5.0% carbon monoxide.
(16) Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at 15 K was used to probe the magnetic interaction between the visible copper CuA2+ and ferric cytochrome a in the carbon monoxide compound of beef heart cytochrome oxidase.
(17) This cytochrome, designated P-450(CsA), exhibited a type I binding spectrum in the presence of CsA with a Ks(app) of 25 microM, a molecular weight of 52 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a maximal absorbance at 449 nm when reduced in the presence of carbon monoxide.
(18) The gases measured (mean concentration) included ammonia (34 ppm), hydrogen sulfide (1.4 ppm), carbon monoxide (9.1 ppm) and carbon dioxide (1640 ppm).
(19) All the patients who underwent surgery survived and had a symptomatic improvement, which was accompanied by objective increases in spirometric volumes and by reductions in static lung volumes; there were no improvements in carbon monoxide transfer or blood gas tensions.
(20) The role of carbon monoxide (CO) in causing the physiologic and anatomic changes characteristic of smoke inhalation injury was evaluated in 34 sheep.