(n.) One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is supposed to consist.
(n.) The smallest part of any substance which possesses the characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which can exist alone in a free state.
(n.) A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state; as, a molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Cf. Atom.
Example Sentences:
(1) A series of human cDNA clones of various sizes and relative localizations to the mRNA molecule were isolated by using the human p53-H14 (2.35-kilobase) cDNA probe which we previously cloned.
(2) Glucocorticoids have numerous effects some of which are permissive; steroids are thus important not only for what they do, but also for what they permit or enable other hormones and signal molecules to do.
(3) The results demonstrated that K2PtCl4 was bound to a greater degree than CDDP in this system with 3-5 and 1-2 platinum atoms respectively, bound per transferrin molecule.
(4) Complementarity determining regions (CDR) are conserved to different extents, with the first CDR region in all family members being among the most conserved segments of the molecule.
(5) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(6) However, the presence of these two molecules was restored if testosterone was supplemented immediately after orchiectomy.
(7) In the second approach, attachment sites of DTPA groups were directed away from the active region of the molecule by having fragment E1,2 bound in complex, with its active sites protected during the derivatization.
(8) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(9) These same molecules may be equally responsible for the pathologic characteristics of the immune response seen, for example, in inflammatory bowel diseases.
(10) A cDNA library prepared from human placenta has been screened for sequences coding for factor XIIIa, the enzymatically active subunit of the factor XIII complex that stabilizes blood clots through crosslinking of fibrin molecules.
(11) T cell costimulation by molecules on the antigen presenting cell (APC) is required for optimal T cell proliferation.
(12) The lipid A moiety was shown to be responsible for this novel biological activity of the LPS molecule.
(13) Both systems indicated that the Kupffer cell modified endotoxin by enriching the lipid content of the molecule and shortening the length of the O-antigen.
(14) Photoreactions induced in that proper sensitizer molecules absorb UV-light or visible light.
(15) At 100 microM-ACh the apparent open time became shorter probably due to channel blockade by ACh molecules.
(16) Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the strain distribution of the molecules defined by the mAb revealed that two of the antibodies (I-22 and III-5) were directed against nonpolymorphic determinants of Thy-1, whereas V-8 mAb reacted only with Thy-1.2+ lymphocytes.
(17) At a fixed concentration of nucleotide the effectiveness of elution was proportional to the charge on the eluting molecule.
(18) The relative rates of reduction of several spin-labeled molecules that partition differently across the hy-drophobic-interface of inner membranes from rat liver mitochondria were investigated.
(19) The seve polypeptide chains investigated had generalyy similar properties; all contained two residues per molecule of tryptophan and N-acetylserine was the common N-terminal amino acid residue.
(20) Much information has accumulated on the isolation and characterization of a heterogeneous group of molecules that inhibit one or more of the bioactivities of interleukin 1.
Olfaction
Definition:
(n.) The sense by which the impressions made on the olfactory organs by the odorous particles in the atmosphere are perceived.
Example Sentences:
(1) There appears to be a perceptual limitation in olfaction relative to vision that influences stimulus encoding and stimulus retrieval processes but that does not affect retrieval of associated responses.
(2) Using this olfactory scale in the blotting paper test a rough quantitative screening of the degree of olfaction impairment should be possible, without recourse to expensive olfactometry.
(3) The significance of olfaction is frequently overlooked by health professionals.
(4) 4 days after the beginning of replacement therapy the treated mice were placed on an 18-hour food deprivation schedule in preparation for olfaction tests.
(5) An intact hippocampal formation, but not amygdala, is necessary for cross-modal association between vision and olfaction, topographical memory, conditioning to context, and configural discrimination learning.
(6) When deprived of olfaction, the performance of young women fell to the same level as that of the old women on first exposure.
(7) Our results suggest a role for cyclic nucleotides in olfactory transduction, and point to a molecular analogy between olfaction and visual, hormone and neurotransmitter reception.
(8) The pheromones now known in mammals are mostly transferred by contact and detected by accessory olfaction, which further indicates that pheromones in mammals should not be considered to be even a subclass of social odors.
(9) Offspring were assessed longitudinally for growth, mortality, and behavior (olfaction, locomotor activity, maze learning, avoidance acquisition and startle).
(10) We conclude that (1) IGD patients appear to retain minimal endogenous GnRH secretion so that the IGD pituitary responds to a minimal dose of GnRH without priming; (2) IGD is a heterogeneous syndrome in which affected individuals with and without normal olfaction represent parts of the spectrum of the same disease; and (3) except for the PRL response in females, the PRL, TSH and GH responses demonstrate that the IGD pituitaries are largely intact.
(11) To evaluate whether impaired olfaction may indicate CNS disease, the authors measured odor identification in patient groups defined along a continuum of progressive immunodeficiency and in a comparison group.
(12) To assess the relationship between sniff resistance and olfaction, ten subjects without nasal pathology or complaint were asked to estimate the perceived magnitude of the odorant, ethyl butyrate, at each of four concentrations and against each of four different resistances.
(13) Disturbances of taste but not olfaction have been reported with tetracycline use in the past.
(14) The tentacles of the terrestrial snail Achatina fulica contain an epithelium at their tips which is specialized for olfaction.
(15) The olfactory test administered to patients at the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center combines stability of outcome with sensitivity to variables known to affect olfaction (age, sex).
(16) The utilization by evolution of the three-segment architecture of GTP-dependent signal transduction for other modalities of sensory perception, such as olfaction (Lancet et al., this volume) and gustation (Jones et al., this volume), is certainly a reasonable and successful choice.
(17) The chemical substances were perceived by the recipient females by means of olfaction.
(18) The full importance of olfaction has received minimal attention until recently renewed interest reveals that it becomes necessary not only for protection but also for digestion, memory, emotions, motor skills, and sexual performance.
(19) A prospective study of 100 patients undergoing nasal surgery was done to quantitate the effects of nasal surgery on olfaction.
(20) Drug preferences were usually evident within the first 10 min of the session, suggesting they were based on olfaction, taste, or other immediate postingestional effects.