(1) Efficient splicing of the mRNA for this coding region was observed in the infected dicotyledonous (dicot) hosts bean and tobacco despite the intron having an A + U content (57%) more typical of geminiviruses of monocot plants.
(2) Because this monocot gene promoter appeared to be under stringent tissue-specific control, a hybrid promoter approach using a nopaline synthase (nos) promoter was employed.
(3) The graminaceous monocots, including the economically important cereals, seem to be refractory to infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a natural gene transfer system that has been successfully exploited for transferring foreign genes into higher plants.
(4) The topology of the tree indicated that, at least in monocots such as maize and sorghum, the genes for the C4-form and C3-form isozymes diverged from their common ancestral gene earlier than the monocot-dicot divergence (about 2 x 10(8) yr ago), though the divergence of maize (C4 plant) from wheat (C3 plant) is supposed to have occurred much later (6 x 10(7) yr ago).
(5) The DNA sequence composition of 526 dicot and 345 monocot intron sequences have been characterized using computational methods.
(6) Whereas most dicot nuclei contain one or two predominant forms of U2 snRNA and a small number of U4 snRNAs, monocot nuclei contain multiple forms of U2 snRNA ranging from 208 to 260 nucleotides and multiple forms of U4 snRNA from 159 to 176 nucleotides.
(7) This finding distinguishes WDV from other monocot-infecting geminiviruses studied so far which were shown to encode two 3' co-terminal transcripts capable of expressing either the V1 or V2 ORF.
(8) This complexity can best be appreciated by considering xyloglucan, a hemicellulose present in the cell wall of both monocots and dicots, and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), two structurally unrelated pectic polysaccharides.
(9) The 5' splice site consensus sequences developed for the monocot and dicot introns differ in their ability to base pair with conserved nucleotides present at the 5' end of many U1 snRNAs.
(10) PE3 contains a sequence element that is highly conserved between monocot phyA promoters, indicative of a critical role in phyA expression.
(11) Thus a long N-terminal repeat (resembling in composition the large C-terminal heptapeptide repeat in the eukaryotic pol II) appears to be characteristic of monocot cereal S18.
(12) The promoter trap system we have described may potentially be used to characterize transcriptional factors common to monocot and dicot species.
(13) This element, designated RE1, with the sequence CATGGGCGCGG, encompasses a motif that is highly conserved in all monocot phyA promoters thus far characterized.
(14) On the other hand, a chloroplast-like tRNA(Cys) gene exists in monocot plants.
(15) In this paper we describe the construction of Act1-based expression vectors for use in monocot transformation.
(16) The structure of the intron suggests that a large intron existed in an ancestral coxII gene before monocots and dicots diverged in evolution.
(17) This pea gene does not contain an intron which is found in all three monocots.
(18) Unlike other geminiviruses infecting monocots, complementary-sense ORFs did not overlap.
(19) The abundance and molecular weights of the U1, U2, U4, and U5 snRNAs expressed in monocot and dicot nuclei are significantly different.
(20) The divergence between monocots and dicots represents a major event in higher plant evolution, yet the date of its occurrence remains unknown because of the scarcity of relevant fossils.
Monocotyledonous
Definition:
(a.) Having only one cotyledon, seed lobe, or seminal leaf.
Example Sentences:
(1) The mutants exhibit similar phenotypes in protoplasts of both tobacco and maize, implying conservation of the DNA-protein interactions of the ocs enhancer sequence in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
(2) To circumvent these difficulties, we investigated whether monocotyledonous genes can be expressed and correctly regulated in dicotyledons.
(3) In basic chitinases from dicotyledonous plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Phaseolis vulgaris (bean), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and Solanum tuberosum (potato), as well as in the chitinase isolated from the monocotyledonous plant Hordeum vulgare (barley), this position is invariably occupied by a tyrosine.
(4) The resulting transconjugants were used to inoculate the monocotyledonous plants sorghum, maize, rice, and wheat.
(5) Ferrochelatase was demonstrated in the chloroplasts and proplastids isolated from the primary leaves of beans (a dicotyledon) and oats (a monocotyledon).
(6) Epitope mapping of these immunoglobulins suggests that two of the three predominant epitopes may be conserved in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
(7) The greatest differences were observed with the enzyme isolated from leaves of the monocotyledonous plants Zea mays (maize) and Triticum aestivum (wheat).
(8) Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is an icosahedral virus with a tripartite RNA genome which infects monocotyledonous plants, while the cowpea or legume strain of tobacco mosaic virus (CcTMV) is a rod-shaped virus with a single component RNA genome which infects dicotyledonous plants.
(9) The uptake of (14)CO(2) into beta-carotene and phytol in mature chloroplasts is very low in monocotyledons but somewhat greater in dicotyledons.
(10) We conclude that the synthesis of chloroplast-localized HSPs is an important component of the stree response in all higher plants and that chloroplast HSPs from dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants have a conserved carboxyl-terminal domain.
(11) Two other cell-wall preparations, representing lignified walls of dicotyledons and unlignified walls of vegetative parts of grasses and cereals (monocotyledons belonging to the family Poaceae), adsorbed DNP much more effectively.
(12) At this point, they were implanted s.c. with elastomer capsules that were either empty or packed with 30-40 mg of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), a compound found naturally in some monocotyledonous plants; half of the animals from each treatment group were then kept in long days (14L:10D) or transferred to short days (9L:15D).
(13) The adhesin was also found to be involved in the attachment of rhizobia to the root hairs of various other legumes and nonlegume plants, including monocotyledonous ones.
(14) The complexity of plant U-type small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (UsnRNPs) may represent one level at which differences in splicing between animals and plants and between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants could be effected.
(15) The evolutionary relationship between PSV and other geminiviruses infecting monocotyledons is discussed.
(16) In contrast to European food plants, which are mostly dicotyledons, South Pacific food plants are mainly monocotyledons.
(17) As to the phylogenetic position of the two Angiospermae classes, extant monocotyledons seem to be a paraphyletic group located near the root of the angiosperm branch; it emerged at the earliest stages of angiosperm evolution.
(18) Dicotyledons and several other groups have the same pattern of 23 S fragmentation, often comprising all the fragments mentioned above, whilst Graminaceae (Monocotyledons) constitute a special group with a very predominant 0.35 x 10(6) dalton fragment and the absence of the 0.45 x 10(6) dalton fragment.
(19) Although the frequency of stable transformation is low, direct DNA uptake is applicable to those plants not amenable to Agrobacterium transformation, particularly monocotyledons.
(20) A stepwise calculation for the conformation of fucosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl residue gave 10 allowed area (phi-psi) maps which are useful to deduce xyloglucan conformations of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons in the walls of growing plant cells.