(a.) Of or pertaining to a single family or stock, or to development from a single common parent form; -- opposed to polyphyletic; as, monophyletic origin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Statistical analysis of 251 phylogenetically informative nucleotide positions rejects the "volvocine lineage" hypothesis, which postulates a monophyletic evolutionary progression from unicellular organisms (such as Chlamydomonas), through colonial organisms (e.g., Gonium, Pandorina, Eudorina, and Pleodorina) demonstrating increasing size, cell number, and tendency toward cellular differentiation, to multicellular organisms having fully differentiated somatic and reproductive cells (in the genus Volvox).
(2) Maximum-parsimony analyses of the total data set of 67 vertebrate alpha A sequences support the monophyletic origin of alligator, tegu, and birds and favor the grouping of crocodilians and birds as surviving sister groups in the subclass Archosauria.
(3) Considering both the present data and previous findings, Palaeognath birds appear to be a peculiar and monophyletic group, characterized by: 1), a conical acrosome surrounding the nucleus; 2), a fibrous sheath around most of the axoneme; and 3), an elongated distal centriole occupying the entire midpiece.
(4) Molecular data indicate that caviomorphs (guinea-pig-like rodents) and myomorphs (rat-like rodents) are not monophyletic.
(5) All the symbionts identified, which include several cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganisms, several endosymbionts of terrestrial isopods, and symbionts of two thelytokous Trichogramma wasp species, belong to a monophyletic group of related symbionts, some of which have previously been detected in several insects exhibiting cytoplasmic incompatibility.
(6) A phylogenetic analysis of the consensus Naegleria sequence showed that Naegleria was not monophyletic with either Acanthamoeba castellanii or Dictyostelium discoideum, two other amoebas for which sequences were available.
(7) Unrooted dendrograms computed from aligned sequences by distance matrix and DNA parsimony methods, including evolutionary parsimony, showed the Archaea to be a monophyletic-holophyletic cluster closer to Eukarya than to Bacteria.
(8) The Antarctic notothenioids are a monophyletic radiation of fishes that have evolved under conditions of low light and cold, where non-visual sensory systems, such as the mechanosensory lateral line system, would be of importance.
(9) Such formulations assume a regularity of transmission of surnames, monophyletism, and random occurrence of consanguineous marriages.
(10) A comparative ultrastructural study of photoreceptor synapses formed upon homologous postsynaptic neurones in insects has been made by using serial-section electron microscopy in representative Diptera from a monophyletic series of 14 families.
(11) If the primate suborder Haplorhini (anthropoids, omomyids, tarsiids) is monophyletic, the phylogenetic position of Shoshonius requires that anthropoids and Tarsius diverged by at least the early Eocene, some 15 million years before the first appearance of anthropoids in the fossil record.
(12) The Monte San Giorgio pachypleurosaurids are a monophyletic group.
(13) Of these, 3 (the articulating bar group, Ligictaluridus, and Onchocleidus sensu Wheeler and Beverley-Burton, 1989) have been recognized previously as monophyletic; 3 (Aethycteron, Lyrodiscus, and Salsuginus) were shown to be monophyletic in the present study; 3 (Leptocleidus, Macrohaptor, and Tetracleidus) are monotypic genera; and 4 were identified as unresolved assemblages that contain a number of species considered to be incertae sedis as well as those assigned to the following genera: Aristocleidus Mueller, 1936, Urocleidus sensu Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1981, Cleidodiscoides Mayes and Miller, 1973, and Cleidodiscus sensu Beverley-Burton and Suriano, 1980.
(14) Florideophycidae, however, appears to be monophyletic with Bangiales as its sister group.
(15) Lampreys and hagfishes (cyclostomes) traditionally were considered to be a natural (monophyletic) group.
(16) Yet, the monophyletic germ line on this earth has persisted for three billion years and has the potential of being immortal.
(17) Wild sheep with 2n=54 may have evolved monophyletically from an ancestral 2n=58-56-54 population or polyphyletically by a series of independent, nonrandom fusions.
(18) When only plastidic features are considered, it is difficult to distinguish between monophyletic and polyphyletic xenogenous origins of plastids.
(19) That paraphyletic taxon was composed of 3 monophyletic groups: the pseudosuckerless Neodiplostomidae n. fam.
(20) The association is monophyletic in cockroaches but polyphyletic in many groups, including the sucking lice, beetles and scale insects.
Organism
Definition:
(n.) Organic structure; organization.
(n.) An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal, compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the individual.
Example Sentences:
(1) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(2) These organic compounds were found to be stable on the sorbent tubes for at least seven days.
(3) The main clinical features pertaining to the concept of the "psycho-organic syndrome" (POS) were investigated in a sample of children who suffered from severe craniocerebral trauma.
(4) After 3 and 6 months, blood collected by cardiocentesis using ether anesthesia and then sacrificed to remove CNS and internal organs.
(5) Addition of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom led to a significant increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in various rat organs.
(6) For the first time it was organized on the basis of population.
(7) Acceptance of less than ideal donors is ill-advised even though rejection of such donors conflicts with the current shortage of organs.
(8) There is no evidence that health-maintenance organizations reduce admissions in discretionary or "unnecessary" categories; instead, the data suggest lower admission rates across the board.
(9) We conclude that chloramphenicol resistance encoded by Tn1696 is due to a permeability barrier and hypothesize that the gene from P. aeruginosa may share a common ancestral origin with these genes from other gram-negative organisms.
(10) Recovery of CV-3988 from plasma averaged 81.7% for the column procedure and 40% for the organic extraction.
(11) One of the main users is coastal planning organizations and conservation organizations that are working on coral reefs.
(12) Infection with opportunistic organisms, either singly or in combination, is known to occur in immunocompromised patients.
(13) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
(14) A chronic cannulation procedure is described which allows for sampling vomeronasal organ (VNO) contents repeatedly in freely moving conscious subjects.
(15) Neither Brucella organisms, nor increased numbers of neutrophils could be found in semen samples collected from the experimental animals.
(16) The lineage and clonality of Hodgkin's disease (HD) were investigated by analyzing the organization of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor beta-chain (T beta) gene loci in 18 cases of HD, and for comparison, in a panel of 103 cases of B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and lymphoid leukemias (LLs).
(17) A review is made from literature and an inventory of psychological and organic factors implicated in this pathology.
(18) The authors conclude that H. pylori alone causes little or no effect on an intact gastric mucosa in the rat, that either intact organisms or bacteria-free filtrates cause similar prolongation and delayed healing of pre-existing ulcers with active chronic inflammation, and that the presence of predisposing factors leading to disruption of gastric mucosal integrity may be required for the H. pylori enhancement of inflammation and tissue damage in the stomach.
(19) Data is available to support the early influences of enamel organ epithelium upon a responding mesenchyme in the determination of dental morphogenetic fields (Dryburg, 1967; Miller, 1969).
(20) The four deaths were not related to the injuries of parenchymatous organs.