(a.) Of or pertaining to a single family or stock, or to development from a single common parent form; -- opposed to polyphyletic; as, monophyletic origin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Statistical analysis of 251 phylogenetically informative nucleotide positions rejects the "volvocine lineage" hypothesis, which postulates a monophyletic evolutionary progression from unicellular organisms (such as Chlamydomonas), through colonial organisms (e.g., Gonium, Pandorina, Eudorina, and Pleodorina) demonstrating increasing size, cell number, and tendency toward cellular differentiation, to multicellular organisms having fully differentiated somatic and reproductive cells (in the genus Volvox).
(2) Maximum-parsimony analyses of the total data set of 67 vertebrate alpha A sequences support the monophyletic origin of alligator, tegu, and birds and favor the grouping of crocodilians and birds as surviving sister groups in the subclass Archosauria.
(3) Considering both the present data and previous findings, Palaeognath birds appear to be a peculiar and monophyletic group, characterized by: 1), a conical acrosome surrounding the nucleus; 2), a fibrous sheath around most of the axoneme; and 3), an elongated distal centriole occupying the entire midpiece.
(4) Molecular data indicate that caviomorphs (guinea-pig-like rodents) and myomorphs (rat-like rodents) are not monophyletic.
(5) All the symbionts identified, which include several cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganisms, several endosymbionts of terrestrial isopods, and symbionts of two thelytokous Trichogramma wasp species, belong to a monophyletic group of related symbionts, some of which have previously been detected in several insects exhibiting cytoplasmic incompatibility.
(6) A phylogenetic analysis of the consensus Naegleria sequence showed that Naegleria was not monophyletic with either Acanthamoeba castellanii or Dictyostelium discoideum, two other amoebas for which sequences were available.
(7) Unrooted dendrograms computed from aligned sequences by distance matrix and DNA parsimony methods, including evolutionary parsimony, showed the Archaea to be a monophyletic-holophyletic cluster closer to Eukarya than to Bacteria.
(8) The Antarctic notothenioids are a monophyletic radiation of fishes that have evolved under conditions of low light and cold, where non-visual sensory systems, such as the mechanosensory lateral line system, would be of importance.
(9) Such formulations assume a regularity of transmission of surnames, monophyletism, and random occurrence of consanguineous marriages.
(10) A comparative ultrastructural study of photoreceptor synapses formed upon homologous postsynaptic neurones in insects has been made by using serial-section electron microscopy in representative Diptera from a monophyletic series of 14 families.
(11) If the primate suborder Haplorhini (anthropoids, omomyids, tarsiids) is monophyletic, the phylogenetic position of Shoshonius requires that anthropoids and Tarsius diverged by at least the early Eocene, some 15 million years before the first appearance of anthropoids in the fossil record.
(12) The Monte San Giorgio pachypleurosaurids are a monophyletic group.
(13) Of these, 3 (the articulating bar group, Ligictaluridus, and Onchocleidus sensu Wheeler and Beverley-Burton, 1989) have been recognized previously as monophyletic; 3 (Aethycteron, Lyrodiscus, and Salsuginus) were shown to be monophyletic in the present study; 3 (Leptocleidus, Macrohaptor, and Tetracleidus) are monotypic genera; and 4 were identified as unresolved assemblages that contain a number of species considered to be incertae sedis as well as those assigned to the following genera: Aristocleidus Mueller, 1936, Urocleidus sensu Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1981, Cleidodiscoides Mayes and Miller, 1973, and Cleidodiscus sensu Beverley-Burton and Suriano, 1980.
(14) Florideophycidae, however, appears to be monophyletic with Bangiales as its sister group.
(15) Lampreys and hagfishes (cyclostomes) traditionally were considered to be a natural (monophyletic) group.
(16) Yet, the monophyletic germ line on this earth has persisted for three billion years and has the potential of being immortal.
(17) Wild sheep with 2n=54 may have evolved monophyletically from an ancestral 2n=58-56-54 population or polyphyletically by a series of independent, nonrandom fusions.
(18) When only plastidic features are considered, it is difficult to distinguish between monophyletic and polyphyletic xenogenous origins of plastids.
(19) That paraphyletic taxon was composed of 3 monophyletic groups: the pseudosuckerless Neodiplostomidae n. fam.
(20) The association is monophyletic in cockroaches but polyphyletic in many groups, including the sucking lice, beetles and scale insects.
Polyphyletic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic.
Example Sentences:
(1) Both perforating-type infarcts and cortical-type infarcts were found, suggesting that infarct-related foci of depressive states were polyphyletic.
(2) This clearly indicated a close phylogenetic relationship between the plastids of Rhodophyta and Chromophyta which seem to have evolved independently from the chloroplasts (polyphyletic origin).
(3) Gene genealogy in two partially isolated populations which diverged at a given time t in the past and have since been exchanging individuals at a constant rate m is studied based upon an analytic method for large t and a simulation method for any t. Particular attention is paid to the conditions under which neutral genes sampled from populations are mono-, para-, and polyphyletic in terms of coalescence (divergence) times of genes.
(4) These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis of a polyphyletic origin of plastids.
(5) Wild sheep with 2n=54 may have evolved monophyletically from an ancestral 2n=58-56-54 population or polyphyletically by a series of independent, nonrandom fusions.
(6) When only plastidic features are considered, it is difficult to distinguish between monophyletic and polyphyletic xenogenous origins of plastids.
(7) The association is monophyletic in cockroaches but polyphyletic in many groups, including the sucking lice, beetles and scale insects.
(8) Although chloroplasts probably originated only once, eukaryotic algae are polyphyletic because chloroplasts have been secondarily transferred to new lineages by the permanent incorporation of a photosynthetic eukaryotic algal cell into a phagotrophic protozoan host.
(9) Among the Iguania, the Iguanidea are polyphyletics, the north-american forms breaking up from the other very early.
(10) This great diversity in the chromosomal genome raises the possibility that R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli is a polyphyletic assemblage of strains.
(11) The developed systemic approach using the analysis of the MGIT system and integral differences between viruses by the totality of their properties helped to form models of virus evolution taking into account, in particular, their mono- or polyphyletic origin, more definite knowledge on pravirus(es) MGIT, etc.
(12) The data support the idea of a polyphyletic origin of the phycomycetes and suggest that anascosporogenous yeasts tested are related to the heterobasidiomycetes rather than to the Endomycetales.
(13) However, it was expected that in Switzerland, inbreeding from isonymy would be an overestimate due to patrilocal residence and polyphyletic names.
(14) Our results support hypotheses that most taxonomic concepts of the order Nymphaeales reflect polyphyletic groups and that the unusual genus Ceratophyllum represents descendants of some of the earliest angiosperms.
(15) We also show that the prochlorophytes are a highly diverged polyphyletic group.
(16) Taxonomic relations between methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic bacteria are discussed, and the polyphyletic nature of methylotrophy as a taxonomic feature is highlighted.
(17) Sequence comparisons support the idea of a polyphyletic origin of the red algal and the higher-plant chloroplasts.
(18) Naegleria gruberi is most likely a polyphyletic grouping and care should be taken when using one strain as a reference point for this species.
(19) These data provide strong evidence for a polyphyletic origin of chloroplasts and rhodoplasts.
(20) Evidently, then, heterogamety and sex-chromosome heteromorphism are polyphyletic, although certain sex-determining genes may be held in common among the diverse taxonomic groups.