(1) By contrast, the growth of the oocyte in relation to the follicle in monotremes in linear throughout the whole period of follicular growth.
(2) The mammals examined included 3 eutherian, 2 marsupial and a monotreme species and the reptiles 2 saurian, 1 crocodilian and 1 testudine species.
(3) Monotreme enamel has been interpreted as representing a structural stage intermediate between that of known multituberculates and extant tribosphenid mammals.
(4) No sex difference was observed in any monotreme tissue.
(5) The possible role these and the native rodents, marsupials and monotremes would play should an exotic disease of livestock enter Australia is discussed.
(6) A dorsal pterygoid element and a ventral ectopterygoid element can be recognised during the development of monotremes, marsupials and eutherian mammals.
(7) The ratio of the contents of the two major mammalian ganglioside fractions GD1a and GT1b is generally in the range of 1.0 and even higher; in the heterothermic platypus from the monotremes and in hibernators among the placental mammals, however, it is much lower (about 0.8).
(8) Because monotremes and marsupials diverged independently from eutherian mammals, this finding implies that the whole human X short arm region is a relatively recent addition to the X chromosome in eutherian mammals.
(9) Several lines of evidence suggest that electroreception has evolved independently in this monotreme.
(10) Since marsupials and monotremes diverged independently from eutherians, these data suggest that HSA 21 genes were originally located in two separate autosomal blocks.
(11) Here we establish that the platypus, the Australian nocturnal diving monotreme, can locate and avoid objects on the basis of d.c. fields.
(12) In monotremes the elements remain distinct and show specialised features, including a hamular cartilage in the ectopterygoid of one specimen of Ornithorhynchus.
(13) In order to extend comparative mapping studies to the monotreme mammals (subclass Prototheria), somatic-cell hybrids were obtained between Chinese-hamster cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and platypus fibroblasts.
(14) The amino acid sequence showed approximately 85 differences from mammalian, monotreme and bird myoglobins.
(15) There was no ligament of the femoral head in the hip joints of the monotremes, and it is suggested the absence of a ligament may be significant in the development of the cavity.
(16) The present study examines the cartilaginous epiphyses and physes from the knee and hip of the rat and the two Australian monotremes (platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus and echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus).
(17) A region represented by the short arm of the human X is common to the X in all eutherians, but is autosomal in marsupials and monotremes; thus it was not a part of the original X, and must have been acquired by the X early in the eutherian radiation.
(18) The enamel of the fossil monotreme is prismatic and tubular and displays large areas of Pattern 2 prism packing.
(19) This estimate agrees well with similar estimates made using alpha- and beta-globin sequences, in contrast to widely differing estimates of dates of divergence for monotremes using the same three globin chains.
(20) Xenoantisera directed against human heavy chain isotypes allowed the serological identification of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), a monotreme which is one of the most primitive species of extant mammals.
Placenta
Definition:
(n.) The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.
(n.) The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are attached.
Example Sentences:
(1) These studies, in addition to demonstrating that the placenta contains TRH deamidase activity, suggest that losses of fetal TRH through the placenta are not large.
(2) A cDNA library prepared from human placenta has been screened for sequences coding for factor XIIIa, the enzymatically active subunit of the factor XIII complex that stabilizes blood clots through crosslinking of fibrin molecules.
(3) 1) The incidence of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), threatened premature delivery, toxemia and abruption placentae were 40.6, 36.4, 7.8 and 3.0%, respectively.
(4) By contrast, there was a rapid exchange of tracer Leu carbon between placenta and fetus resulting in a significant flux of labeled KIC from placenta to fetus.
(5) GnRH has paracrine (local) effects in the gonads and placenta, acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and has autocrine regulatory effects in some tumour cells.
(6) However, a history of abruptio placentae revealed an 11-fold risk of premature separation of placentae in subsequent pregnancy.
(7) In the first model, the kinetics of the number of bacteria in the spleen, liver, and placenta of mice inoculated intravenously on day 16 of pregnancy were monitored for 48 h after infection.
(8) This was either giant teratoma of placenta or malformed twin foetus.
(9) DNA of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined in 131 placentae and 28 umbilical blood specimens by DNA-DNA hybridization.
(10) A stillborn girl, with external signs of trisomy 18 syndrome, was subsequently shown to have a mosaic pattern in both the lymphocytes and the placenta.
(11) The placenta was demonstrated to increase in thickness with advancing menstrual age.
(12) Glutathione S-transferase (GST) purified from Schistosoma mansoni or human placenta was inhibited by the antischistosomal drug oltipraz (OPZ) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
(13) We have found FLT4 expression in human placenta, lung, heart, and kidney, whereas the pancreas and brain appeared to contain very little if any FLT4 RNA.
(14) Based on morphological, virological, biochemical and molecular biological data, it is proposed that the presence of endogenous retrovirus particles in the placental cytotrophoblasts of many mammals is indicative of some beneficial action provided by the virus in relation to cell fusion, syncytiotrophoblast formation and the creation of the placenta.
(15) The levels of oestrogens and progesterone were greater (P less than 0.05) in the umbilical vein than umbilical artery, indicating the endocrine function of the placenta.
(16) In each rabbit, a single fetal sac was opened, the umbilical vessels were cannulated and the placenta was perfused in situ with buffered Krebs solution containing Dextran.
(17) Two similar, 41- and 67-kDa G-proteins were identified in the wheat germ-purified insulin receptor preparations obtained from human placenta.
(18) It was concluded that (i) free fatty acids can cross the rabbit placenta in amounts sufficient to provide the fatty acid components of stored triglyceride and structural lipids; (ii) placental transport of free fatty acids depends in part on maternal blood concentration and on foetal uptake; (iii) foetal circulating free fatty acids are continually exchanging with fatty acid pools in the placenta and with the maternal circulating free fatty acids.
(19) We postulate that the apposition of trophotaenial epithelium to the internal ovarian epithelium constitutes a placental association equivalent to a noninvasive, epithelioform of an inverted yolk sac placenta.
(20) These data suggest that fasting mobilizes maternal fuel stores but that these stores are not effectively used by the placenta or transported to the fetus for storage.