What's the difference between monotreme and placental?

Monotreme


Definition:

  • (n.) One of the Monotremata.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) By contrast, the growth of the oocyte in relation to the follicle in monotremes in linear throughout the whole period of follicular growth.
  • (2) The mammals examined included 3 eutherian, 2 marsupial and a monotreme species and the reptiles 2 saurian, 1 crocodilian and 1 testudine species.
  • (3) Monotreme enamel has been interpreted as representing a structural stage intermediate between that of known multituberculates and extant tribosphenid mammals.
  • (4) No sex difference was observed in any monotreme tissue.
  • (5) The possible role these and the native rodents, marsupials and monotremes would play should an exotic disease of livestock enter Australia is discussed.
  • (6) A dorsal pterygoid element and a ventral ectopterygoid element can be recognised during the development of monotremes, marsupials and eutherian mammals.
  • (7) The ratio of the contents of the two major mammalian ganglioside fractions GD1a and GT1b is generally in the range of 1.0 and even higher; in the heterothermic platypus from the monotremes and in hibernators among the placental mammals, however, it is much lower (about 0.8).
  • (8) Because monotremes and marsupials diverged independently from eutherian mammals, this finding implies that the whole human X short arm region is a relatively recent addition to the X chromosome in eutherian mammals.
  • (9) Several lines of evidence suggest that electroreception has evolved independently in this monotreme.
  • (10) Since marsupials and monotremes diverged independently from eutherians, these data suggest that HSA 21 genes were originally located in two separate autosomal blocks.
  • (11) Here we establish that the platypus, the Australian nocturnal diving monotreme, can locate and avoid objects on the basis of d.c. fields.
  • (12) In monotremes the elements remain distinct and show specialised features, including a hamular cartilage in the ectopterygoid of one specimen of Ornithorhynchus.
  • (13) In order to extend comparative mapping studies to the monotreme mammals (subclass Prototheria), somatic-cell hybrids were obtained between Chinese-hamster cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and platypus fibroblasts.
  • (14) The amino acid sequence showed approximately 85 differences from mammalian, monotreme and bird myoglobins.
  • (15) There was no ligament of the femoral head in the hip joints of the monotremes, and it is suggested the absence of a ligament may be significant in the development of the cavity.
  • (16) The present study examines the cartilaginous epiphyses and physes from the knee and hip of the rat and the two Australian monotremes (platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus and echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus).
  • (17) A region represented by the short arm of the human X is common to the X in all eutherians, but is autosomal in marsupials and monotremes; thus it was not a part of the original X, and must have been acquired by the X early in the eutherian radiation.
  • (18) The enamel of the fossil monotreme is prismatic and tubular and displays large areas of Pattern 2 prism packing.
  • (19) This estimate agrees well with similar estimates made using alpha- and beta-globin sequences, in contrast to widely differing estimates of dates of divergence for monotremes using the same three globin chains.
  • (20) Xenoantisera directed against human heavy chain isotypes allowed the serological identification of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), a monotreme which is one of the most primitive species of extant mammals.

Placental


Definition:

  • (a.) Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.
  • (a.) Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.
  • (n.) One of the Placentalia.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Confined placental chorionic mosaicism is reported in 2% of viable pregnancies cytogenetically analyzed on chorionic villi samplings (CVS) at 9-12 weeks of gestation.
  • (2) The human placental villus tissue contains opioid receptors and peptides.
  • (3) Under the same conditions, no radioactive estrogen could be identified in adrenal and placental incubations.
  • (4) Intravenous injection of Cd2+ to the pregnant rat on day 12 causes a dose-dependent inhibition of placental Zn2+ transport.
  • (5) Stimulation of placental growth by fetal insulin may be an important component of the fetal growth stimulatory effect of endogenous insulin.
  • (6) Significantly more PP12 (P less than 0.001) was released into the medium from decidual explants than from chorion and amnion explants throughout the experimental period of 24 h. When incubated under identical conditions, placental explants released no detectable PP12.
  • (7) We suggest trans-placental sensitization as one of several possible interpretations of this finding.
  • (8) Anti-synthetic HIRP(957-980) serum HIR-27 was proved to cross-react with HIRP-related proteins in solubilized human placental membranes.
  • (9) Human placental uracil DNA glycosylase was purified 3700-fold to apparent homogeneity as defined by SDS gel analysis.
  • (10) Affinity-purified human placental ribonuclease inhibitor (PRI) was digested by trypsin.
  • (11) Evaluation of the roles of prolactin and placental lactogen in pregnancy in primates has revealed mammotropic, fetal osmoregulatory, metabolic, and steroidogenic roles, which appear to protect the uterine contents during late pregnancy and prepare the fetus for the changes in nutrition at the time of delivery.
  • (12) The intravenous administration of ovine placental lactogen to pregnant and non-pregnant sheep produced significant acute decreases in plasma free fatty acid, glucose and amino nitrogen concentrations.
  • (13) The following examinations could be proposed: in high risk cases determined before pregnancy, a chorionic villus sampling should be done between the 9th and 11th weeks of gestation; in low risk cases such as advanced maternal age, a first trimester chorionic villus sampling or a second trimester amniocentesis could be chosen; in the case of Down's syndrome, warning signs, for example ultrasonographic or biological parameters, a second trimester placental biopsy to relieve the parents' anxiety; in high risk cases such as ultrasonographic malformations, late placental biopsy or cordocentesis.
  • (14) Thermostability of placental catalase increases with prenatal development, while the enzyme from fetal liver remains moderately heat-stable throughout the gestation.
  • (15) Due to placental insufficiency a cesarean section had to be performed in the 31st week of gestation.
  • (16) The most remarkable finding is that activation by N-ethylaminoethanol is much more pronounced, in the case of the intestinal and placental isoenzymes, than is activation by diethanolamine.
  • (17) Significant correlations were observed between m-AFP and fetal weight and PAMP-2 and placental weight.
  • (18) In contrast to many eutherian (placental) species, this marsupial was found to lack histamine in blood leukocytes and platelets.
  • (19) Polymorphism of PGM1 and PGM3 types was investigated in placental extracts from 127 unrelated Japanese parturients living in Yamanashi Prefecture.
  • (20) Rabbit antiserum against highly purified high-molecular-weight B-variant of human placental alkaline phosphatase (M.W.