(n.) The sphere or globular mass of cells (blastomeres), formed by the clevage of the ovum or egg in the first stages of its development; -- called also mulberry mass, segmentation sphere, and blastosphere. See Segmentation.
Example Sentences:
(1) Laminin was already present on the cell surface at the 2-cell stage, while nidogen was first detectable on compacted 8- to 16-cell stage morulae.
(2) Embryos bisected at blastocyst stages had a higher survival rate in vitro than those bisected at the morula stage.
(3) Rabbit morulae and blastocysts were cultured in conventional culture media [Ham's F10 or BSM II supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or serum] or in Ham's medium supplemented with synchronous or asynchronous uterine flushings, mostly for 2 days, and afterwards investigated by light and electron microscopy and by autoradiography.
(4) Compaction of the morula is a prerequisite for subsequent differentiation of the mouse embryo.
(5) The development stage of the embryo was determined after examination in toto at 24 h or by counting the morula nuclei at 60 h on histological sections.
(6) Day 6 sheep morulae were cultured in vitro for 48 hours in a bicarbonate-buffered salt solution supplemented with various concentrations of ovine serum or of these components or protein fractions of serum.
(7) Neither stain induced spontaneous activation in mouse oocytes, nor did they impair the in vitro development and implantation of mouse zygotes, two-cell embryos, stressed morulae or blastocysts.
(8) Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with hFCS is routinely checked for its ability to support mouse two-cell embryo development to morulae and blastocysts.
(9) After 6 months storage, the embryos (12, all at the compact morula stage), were thawed in a water bath at 39 degrees C for 30 minutes.
(10) All three treatments decompacted mid-morula-stage embryos within one hour.
(11) It has been reported that these tripronuclear oocytes can develop to grossly normal-appearing morulae and that chromosomally, these embryos could be triploid, diploid, or severely depleted.
(12) Late morulae to blastocysts (n = 80) were collected nonsurgically from naturally mated, estrous-synchronized, superovulated crossbred beef cows.
(13) Pronuclear stages were predominant at 42 to 48 hours and 3 to 8-cell stages at 72 to 96 hours; morulae (containing up to 95 cells) entered the uterus at seven days.
(14) The in vitro development of frozen thawed 4- and 8-cell embryos (23% and 21% respectively) was found to be significantly lower than that of frozen thawed morulae (89%).
(15) In morphological studies, insulin increased the number of blastocysts and decreased the number of morulae by 10% after 54 h culture from 2-cell embryos with EC50s of about 0.95 pM.
(16) Preimplantation stage (16-celled and morula) rabbit embryos were successfully frozen to -196 degrees C. The cooling rate (from a room temperature to 0 degrees C), the presence of the mucin layer surrounding embryos, the ice-seeding treatment and the thawing procedure were examined to determine their effects on the survival of the frozen embryos of Japanese white, New Zealand white and Dutch-Belted rabbits.
(17) Passage through this block (pb1-ratio) was determined by the ratio of compacted morula stages on day 4 of incubation.
(18) A culture system using cells from the uterine tube supported the development of one 1-cell embryo to the morula stage.
(19) Recipients receiving morulae and blastocysts that had incorporated an average of 384 d.p.m.
(20) The process whereby the morula becomes a fluid-filled cyst is called 'cavitation', which can be regarded as the first functional expression of the trophectoderm phenotype.
Planula
Definition:
(n.) In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.
(n.) The very young, free-swimming larva of the coelenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Adult specimens of Astrangia danae (Agassiz) and settled planulae of Porites porites (Pallas) contain crystals averaging 0.7 mu by 0.1 mu by 0.3 mu within Golgi-derived vesicles.
(2) Planulae processed with the SPG histofluorescence technique, specific only for catecholamines, exhibited blue-green fluorophores which were most prominent in the anterior ectoderm.
(3) Exposure of planulae to exogenous norepinephrine caused premature, rapid metamorphosis and produced polyps with slightly stunted tentacles and pitted, irregular hypostomes.
(4) Exposure of planulae to nicotine caused similar effects.
(5) RFamide antiserum bound a subset of ganglionic cells in the anterior and upper middle regions of the planula and a few ganglionic cells in the upper tail region.
(6) During gastrulation, the cnidocytes are Incorporated intO the ectoderm and become an integral part of the planula.
(7) Pretreatment of planulae with neuropharmacological agents which prevent reuptake (reserpine) or cause release (nicotine, ephedrine) of catecholamines caused a diminution of the fluorophores.
(8) The early embryonic development of Hydractinia lasts about 2.5 days until the developing planula larva acquires competence for metamorphosis.
(9) Using the same technique the reappearance of RFamide-positive ganglionic cells in epithelial tissue of chimeric grafts of planulae was observed.
(10) However, planulae raised in sea water containing propranolol, a beta blocker, ceased all movement, became tack-shaped and died within 72 h. These results meet multiple criteria for the identification of catecholamines in hydrozoan planulae and suggest that such catecholamines may function as neurotransmitters, neurohormones or neuromodulators during larval development.
(11) Ultrastructural examination of reserpine-treated planulae revealed a dramatic reduction in the populations of dense-cored vesicles and electron-dense droplets.
(12) Rearing planulae in sea water containing alpha blockers, phentolamine and tolazoline, had no discernible effect on behaviour (motility, phototactic response) or gross morphology.
(13) Planula larvae of Halocordyle disticha were examined for the presence of catecholamines using a multipronged approach.
(14) In non-metamorphosing planula larvae, PAF triggered the differentiation of nerve cells that normally develop only upon initiation of metamorphosis and that occur in the polyp stage.
(15) Stained repopulated ganglionic cells always formed in the same position in the epithelial tissue as was observed in control planulae suggesting that the expression of RFamide-like substances may be position dependent in the planula.
(16) A suggestion is put forward that at the final phase of larval development a special RNA is synthesized which participates in the genetically determined control of the complicated morphogenetic phenomenon of attachment and transformation of the planula in polyp.