What's the difference between muconate and mucronate?
Muconate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of muconic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Preliminary results indicate that chloride is eliminated during subsequent lactonization of the 2,3-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate, followed by hydrolysis to form 5-chloromaleylacetic acid.
(2) It is proposed that the mutants are blocked in the utilization of such muconic-like compounds as the 3,12 beta-dihydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4(5),9(10)- disecoandrostal (10),2-dien-4-oic acid formed from deoxycholic acid.
(3) Ascorbic acid was used to adjust urine pH and increase the extraction efficiency of metabolites, especially muconic acid.
(4) The 2-hydroxy muconic acid decarboxylase was identified as a further enzyme.
(5) Lower levels of muconic acid, a marker for the putative toxic metabolite, muconaldehyde, were predicted.
(6) We speculate that trans,trans-muconic acid is metabolized to a diepoxide, which may be the ultimate mutagen and possibly the ultimate carcinogen.
(7) The enzyme catalyzing this reaction was separated from catechol 1,2-oxygenase, phenol hydroxylase, and muconate lactonizing enzyme on a diethyl-aminoethyl-Sephadex A50 column.
(8) on benzoic acid cis-cis muconic acid can be isolated from the medium, suggesting the involvement of the "ortho"-cleavage pathway.
(9) Eleven transposon mutant strains affected in bile acid catabolism were each found to form yellow, muconic-like intermediates from bile acids.
(10) The proportion of these metabolites in the urine was quite variable from animal to animal, but the proportion of muconic acid was consistently much lower in the monkey than in the mouse or rat.
(11) These included formation of hydroquinone conjugates (HQC), formation of phenyl conjugates (PHC), ring-breakage and formation of muconic acid (MUC), and conjugation with glutathione with subsequent mercapturic acid (PMA) formation.
(12) The respective specific activities of catechol 1,2-oxygenase II (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; EC 1.13.11.1) and muconate cycloisomerase II (chloromuconate cycloisomerase; EC 5.5.1.7) in crude extracts of chlorobenzoate-grown Pseudomonas cells corresponded to about 16 and 11% of the soluble cell protein.
(13) Furthermore, in the absence of cis,cis-muconate, CatR forms two complexes in the gel shift assay.
(14) It is also of interest to determine the level of muconic acid in the urine of humans exposed to benzene for comparison with animal data as an aid for use of the animal studies in risk assessments for humans.
(15) Induction of modified ortho-pathway enzymes (catechol 1.2-dioxygenase II, muconate cycloisomerase II, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase) was found in Pseudomonas putida 87, when 3-chlorobenzoic acid was used as a sole carbon and energy source.
(16) Three enzymes of the ortho pathway that catalyze the conversion of catechol to beta-ketoadipate enol-lactone are induced by cis,cis-muconate, produced from catechol by 1,2-oxygenase-mediated cleavage.
(17) The catA, catB, and catC genes encode enzymes that catalyze consecutive reactions in the catechol branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway: catA, catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.1); catB, muconate lactonizing enzyme (EC 5.5.1.1); and catC, muconolactone isomerase (EC 5.3.3.4).
(18) DNase I footprinting showed that an additional 27 bp of the catBC promoter region is protected by CatR in the presence of cis,cis-muconate.
(19) Induction of the enzymes of the catBC operon requires an intermediate of benzoate degradation, cis,cis-muconate, and a regulatory protein, CatR.
(20) The cis-cis, cis-trans and trans-trans isomers of muconate, 3-chloromuconate and 3-carboxy-cis-trans-muconate, close analogues of natural substrate but not attacked by the enzyme, were also found to be competitive inhibitors.
Mucronate
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Mucronated
Example Sentences:
(1) The effect of three independent mutations, floury-2 (fl2), Defective endosperm-B30 (De-B30), and Mucronate (Mc), that reduce zein level in the endosperm were investigated.
(2) Boring tooth was present, but mucron was absent; 3.
(3) Plants carrying floury-2, Defective endosperm-B30, or Mucronate mutations overproduce b-70, a maize homolog of the mammalian immunoglobulin binding protein.
(4) The most characteristic features of this nematode are the absence of cervical alae, replaced by narrow lateral crests running along the length of the body and the presence of a mucron at the end of the male tail.
(5) It is characterized by a polycentric thallus, a polynuclear rhizomycelium, mucronate zoosporangia and uniflagellated zoospores.
(6) This filarioid has affinities with the genus Litomosa, but it can be separated by a variety of both more highly evolved characters (buccal capsule reduced to a pre-oesophageal ring; external lateral papillae absent) and primitive characters ("caudal alae" of the male, long and divided oesophagus, vulva not far from the nerve ring, numerous caudal mucrons of the female).
(7) These species were identified clearly by the presence of a boring tooth, a mucron, and other morphological features.
(8) The mucron of young gamonts was bordered by an invaginated pellicular fold, and an electron-opaque vesicular structure was observed adjacent to it.
(9) The male tail was relatively long, smoothly attenuated and often had a small button-like or mucronate termination.