(a.) Containing many nuclei; as, multinuclear cells.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the synovia, size and number of the multinuclear giant cells are less pronounced.
(2) The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) with undegenerating nuclei migrating from the explants had active ameboid movement and continuously changed their shapes.
(3) The increase in the CG beta mRNA with cell size is a consequence of the transcriptional mechanism, since agents which induce differentiation in JAr cells, i.e., methotrexate, increase the level of CG alpha and CG beta transcripts, cause a shift in cell size, and result in the formation of multinuclear cells.
(4) In multinuclear clusters cysteine thiolates either bridge two metal ions or serve as terminal ligands to a single metal ion.
(5) From these results, it is reasonable to conclude that Kupffer cells alone are activated in a condition without a supply of monocytes from peripheral blood; proliferate and cluster in the hepatic sinusoids; transform into peroxidase-negative macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinuclear giant cells; and participate in granuloma formation in loco together with T lymphocytes.
(6) A15A5 cells became bipolar, developed longer processes and produced less extracellular fibronectin, whereas ARBOC9 cells became enlarged, showed increased multinuclearity, expressed more fibronectin and contained actin-like cytoplasmic filaments.
(7) Heavy mononuclear inflammatory interstitial infiltration, with granulomatous structures including giant multinuclear cells as those seen in foreign body reactions (fig 1) and PAS positive intraluminal tubular crystals were also observed.
(8) The cytological effects observable both in vivo and in vitro on different plant and animal cell systems, include C-mitoses, multipolar mitoses and multinuclearity.
(9) The stability constants have also been determined by multinuclear n.m.r.
(10) Third, mezerein and teleocidin, nonphorbol ester tumor promotors, also induce development of multinuclearity and polyploidy.
(11) Complexes of contacting epithelioid cells are one of the sources of multinuclear giant cells.
(12) We observed mononuclear cells as preosteoclasts and multinuclear cells with and without ruffled borders (RB).
(13) The results of this multinuclear NMR approach are discussed in terms of metabolic responses of C6 cells to beta-adrenergic stimulation and cAMP overproduction.
(14) Both uninuclear cells and multinuclear tubes contained numerous lysosomes, myelin figures and lamellated bodies as well as electronlucent or content-filled vacuoles and cisternae of variable size, sometimes reminding the sarcoplasmic reticulum in early stages of its development.
(15) Multinuclear giant cells and macrophages were the predominant cell types in the porosity of the Plastipore implants.
(16) Multinuclear NMR analysis is used to analyze photoproduct formation and to determine conformational features of these photodimers.
(17) Details of their presence and experimental induction as well as their distinction into a number of morphological types, including multinuclear (giant cell) forms, is described in this communication.
(18) Embryonic rhabdomyogenesis is imitated most perfectly by subpopulation C, in which multinuclear myotubes are formed in vitro by fusion of mononuclear cells, and alpha-sarcomeric actin is expressed in the multinuclear cells and in a few mononuclear cells.
(19) The ability to localize precisely defined volumes of interest within tissue with measurement of multinuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H and 31P) has provided a basis for integrating spectroscopy into the clinical MRI examination.
(20) In contrast, the synthetic capacity of these proteins seemed not to correspond with the morphological change in extravillous trophoblasts: The location of hCG alpha, hCG beta CTP and SP1 was restricted to the mononuclear trophoblasts in the superficial decidua, while hPL was present extensively in extravillous trophoblasts, including multinuclear trophoblasts in the deciduomuscular junction.
Osteoclast
Definition:
(n.) A myeloplax.
(n.) An instrument for performing osteoclasis.
Example Sentences:
(1) A novel staining procedure for enumerating osteoclasts on neonatal mouse calvaria with the vital fluorescent dye acridine orange is described.
(2) Light microscopic autoradiography after labeling of the cultures with tritiated thymidine showed that both RA and 1,25-(OH)2D3 induced osteoclast differentiation from proliferating and postmitotic precursors.
(3) We have previously shown that multinucleated cells (MNC) with many features of the osteoclast phenotype form in long term human marrow cultures.
(4) Osteoclasts dissolve bone mineral by the vectorial secretion of hydrogen ion at their osseous attachment site.
(5) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited the accumulation of formazan by the isolated osteoclasts.
(6) Addition of extracellular Ca2+ (5 mM CaCl2), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, increased [Ca2+]i in all osteoclasts, but 10(-6) M salmon calcitonin (sCT) did so only in a subpopulation of osteoclasts.
(7) Osteoclasts were isolated from the long bones of neonatal rabbits and cultured on devitalized bovine bone slices for 8, 24, 48 and 72 h with and without prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (10(-6) M).
(8) Marrow macrophages, at various stages of in vitro maturation, also possess lysozyme mRNA but in amounts approximately two to four times lower than osteoclasts.
(9) The use of diphosphonates (bisphosphonates), a group of potent osteoclast inhibitors, is discussed in some detail.
(10) Dimethylamiloride (100 microM) inhibited bone resorption by 80% and 65% when added at t = 0 or 1 hr after osteoclast adherence, but was without effect when added at t = 3 or 6 hr.
(11) These results provide strong evidence for the osteoclastic nature of the giant cells in this variant of the MFH.
(12) Since the osteoclast plays an important role in the resorption and remodeling of bone in these middle ear diseases, the source, physiology, and local control of these cells are of prime importance in investigating the pathophysiology of these diseases.
(13) The effects of interleukin-1 did not appear to be related to osteoclast precursor proliferation, since hydroxyurea (which inhibits DNA synthesis in these cultures) had no effect on the response of calvaria calavaria increases osteoclast to interleukin-1.
(14) These results indicate that CT activates PKC in osteoclasts and that this activation, like the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, leads to an inhibition of bone resorption.
(15) Quantitative time-lapse videomicroscopy showed that the CT-induced retraction of osteoclasts also involved activation of the PKC pathway and could therefore be induced by phorbol esters.
(16) Thus, the resorption-antagonizing capacities of EHDP, Cl2MDP and APD reflect metabolic inhibition, with selectivity for the osteoclast resulting from high affinity binding to bone mineral.
(17) NBT staining was detected only in osteoclasts in cultures of resorbing bones.
(18) Band 5 represents the only tartrate-resistant form and is present in bone osteoclasts and in human alveolar macrophages (AMs).
(19) These results suggest that osteoclast resorbs bone by secreting protons through vacuolar H(+)-ATPase.
(20) Hypercalcemia in this model is mediated in part by the effects of PTH-rP to increase osteoclastic bone resorption.