What's the difference between mustard and sinapism?
Mustard
Definition:
(n.) The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica (formerly Sinapis), as white mustard (B. alba), black mustard (B. Nigra), wild mustard or charlock (B. Sinapistrum).
(n.) A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white mustard, used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken internally it is stimulant and diuretic, and in large doses is emetic.
Example Sentences:
(1) The induction of cells with two Y chromosomes by nitrogen mustard (NM) was examined.
(2) From this, it was suggested that a negligible amount of oestradiol was released from these compounds and that the oestradiol moiety was useful as a carrier for the nitrogen mustard moiety.
(3) Nitrogen mustard (N2M) treatment of rabbits induced neutropenia, and, in ligated ileal loops, it inhibited fluid secretion induced by salmonella or by cholera toxin (CT).
(4) These results show clearly that choline mustard aziridinium ion was accumulated into the cholinergic nerve terminals by the high-affinity choline carrier, but the amount was small relative to the uptake of choline and probably restricted by progressive inactivation of the transporters through covalent bond formation.
(5) Reaction of [3H]meproadifen mustard with AChR-rich membrane suspensions resulted in specific incorporation of label predominantly into the AChR alpha-subunit with minor incorporation into the beta-subunit.
(6) The mustard will be at its best after couple of days.
(7) Ileal histology in normal animals infected with S. typhimurium revealed an intense acute inflammatory reaction, while in animals pretreated with nitrogen mustard only a rare polymorphonuclear leukocyte was seen.
(8) Although current results, particularly those with neonates, suggest that arterial repair may displace the Mustard operation, it remains a milestone in the history of TGA.
(9) This article presents the author's preferred technique for reconstructing the auricle, simultaneously using Mustarde's mattress sutures, Cochrane's anterior scoring of the antihelix, and the approximating of the concha to the mastoid.
(10) From March 1982 to December 1983, five patients with a mean age 7 years (4 months-16 years) underwent a palliative Mustard operation for complex cardiac anomalies.
(11) Nevertheless, the high incidence of certain associated malformations in cases of isolated ventricular inversion adds to difficulty in diagnosis, and makes a good result from the Mustard procedure less likely than in transposition of the great arteries.
(12) Estrous cycles of rats treated with estradiol mustard were arrested at proestrus, and the uterine and pituitary weights of these rats markedly increased.
(13) 1 The anti-fertility effects of cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, vincristine and vinblastine were studied and compared in male rats.
(14) Bacteriophage mu2 is inactivated by both mono- and di-functional sulphur mustards at relatively low extents of alkylation.
(15) Stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) received a lethal nitrogen mustard injection.
(16) This report deals with a 15-year-old patient in whom a modified Mustard technique was employed as a palliative method.
(17) We describe a new procedure for the use of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard as a muscarinic cholinergic ligand in an in vitro binding assay on brain sections.
(18) We have studied the effect of misonidazole (MISO) on the antitumour activity, normal tissue toxicity and pharmacokinetics of four bifunctional nitrogen mustards: chlorambucil (CHL); phenylacetic acid mustard (PAAM), a metabolite of CHL; beta, beta-difluorochlorambucil (beta-F2CHL), an analogue which is metabolized less efficiently by the beta-oxidation pathway; and melphalan (MEL).
(19) For mustards linked to the acridine by a short alkyl chain through a para O- or S-link group, 5'-GT sequences are the most preferred sites at which N7-guanine alkylation occurs.
(20) Thus, the carcinogenic risk may be very low in the external S-mustard therapy of psoriasis and other skin diseases.
Sinapism
Definition:
(n.) A plaster or poultice composed principally of powdered mustard seed, or containing the volatile oil of mustard seed. It is a powerful irritant.
Example Sentences:
(1) Methyl sinapate also increased the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the CHO K-1 cells treated with MMC, 4NQO or UV.
(2) As a result, the lignin of the mutant lacks the sinapic acid-derived components typical of wild-type lignin.
(3) Of the cinnamic acids tested, ferulic, sinapic, 5-hydroxyferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids were the substrates with the lowest apparent Km values (on all the order of 1 to 4 x 10(-5) M) for isoenzyme 1.
(4) These increasing effects of methyl sinapate were critical in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and the decline of the frequencies of UV-induced SCEs and chromosome aberrations during liquid holding was not seen in the presence of methyl sinapate.
(5) Sinapic acid and several methoxycinnamic acids were efficient substrates of isoenzyme 1 but were not activated at all by isoenzyme 2.
(6) In cells from a normal human embryo and from a xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient, MMC-induced SCEs were also increased by the post-treatment with methyl sinapate.
(7) Optimal conditions for vir gene induction were pH 5.7 for 50 microM acetosyringone or sinapic acid.
(8) Methyl ferulate, methyl isoferulate and methyl sinapate showed this effect markedly.
(9) The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as cyanidin 3-O-lathyroside, cyanidin 3-O-(2''-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-6''-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D- galactopyranoside), and the latter acylated with 4-coumaric, ferulic, 4-hydroxybenzoic or sinapic acid.
(10) Administration of sinapic acid to the rat results in the excretion of 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylpropionic acid, dihydrosinapic acid, 3-hydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid and unchanged sinapic acid in the urine.
(11) From these results, we conclude that methyl sinapate inhibits DNA excision repair, thus enhancing UV mutagenicity.
(12) Mutations at a locus designated SIN1 also eliminate accumulation of the sinapic acid esters characteristic of seed tissues.
(13) 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is metabolized in part to sinapic acid and 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylpropionic acid.
(14) Sinapic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid and chrysin were isolated from the alcoholic extraction of propolis and identified by spectrometric methods.
(15) The presence of methyl sinapate in plating agar medium decreased the survival of UV-irradiated cells of a recombination-repair-deficient strain, CM571 recA.
(16) Hesperidin and nariutin have been identified as the compounds that interfered with the ultraviolet (UV) determination of sinapic and caffeic acids.
(17) In contrary to other species of vegetables sinapic acid is dominant.
(18) Methyl sinapate also enhanced 4NQO-induced mutation and suppressed liquid-holding recovery in the above repair-proficient strain.
(19) The sinapic acid conjugate sinalbin is also catabolized to free sinapic acid and 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylpropionic acid in the rat.
(20) (c) sinapate: CoA ligase was not inhibited by the selected compounds.