(n.) A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. [Written also nacker and naker.] See Pearl, and Mother-of-pearl.
Example Sentences:
(1) When nacreous shell produced by the marine oyster Pinctada maxima, used as a biomaterial in oral surgery, is implanted in human bone, new bone formation occurs, resulting in a tight welding of the bone to the nacre [16].
(2) Dilute suspensions of normal erythrocytes exhibit a pearl-like sheen (nacre) when subjected to flow.
(3) Nacre implanted in vivo in bone is osteogenic suggesting that it may possess factor(s) which stimulate bone formation.
(4) These observations are discussed namely in relation to the problem of structural identification of the EDTA soluble fraction of the nacre conchiolin.
(5) To test this hypothesis, we have evaluated the effect of the simultaneous presence of bone and nacre on human osteoblasts in vitro.
(6) In other areas (along the main course of the mantle), transient adhesions between the outer mantle epithelial cells and the nacre appear to temporally further compartmentalize the extrapallial fluid possibly as a prerequisite for the initial crystallization phenomenon.
(7) Induction of mineralization appeared preferentially in bundles of osteoblasts surrounding the nacre chips.
(8) Nacre chips (1 mm3) were placed at approximately 1 mm distance from a similarly sized bone chip on a layer of first passage human osteoblasts.
(9) The five tissues, extracellularly mineralizing algae, radial and granular foraminifera, mammalian bone, mammalian enamel, and mollusk shell nacre, probably span the entire spectrum.
(10) The degree of nacre can be measured by comparing the intensity of scattered red light at an angle of 45 degrees for the flowing system to that when the effect has disappeared.
(11) The results demonstrated that nacre has strong osteogenic effects on human osteoblasts when placed in proximity to bone in vitro.
(12) These findings are consistent with the possibility that nacre adjacent to bone can locally stimulate osteogenic activity.
(13) These results demonstrate that a complete sequence of bone formation is reproduced when human osteoblasts are cultured in the presence of nacre.
(14) In addition, under the conditions of culture used, nacre can also promote the formation by osteoblasts of a structure with characteristics similar to nacre (e.g., lamellar organic matrix mineralized with aragonite, as demonstrated by Laser Raman Spectroscopy).
(15) Osteoblasts proliferated and were clearly attracted by nacre chips to which they attached.
(16) A woman exposed to the dust of sea-snail shells during the manufacture of nacre buttons had clinical and immunological features typical of hypersensitivity pneumonitis; however, transbronchial lung biopsy showed alveolar-septal amyloidosis.
(17) Nacre chips were placed on a layer of first passage human osteoblasts.
(18) The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that nacre can induce mineralization by human osteoblasts in vitro.
Shellfish
Definition:
(n.) Any aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a shell, either testaceous, as in oysters, clams, and other mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and crabs.
Example Sentences:
(1) To simulate naturally polluted shellfish as closely as technically possible, shellfish were polluted with minimal amounts of virus.
(2) Schemes employing solid media, such as the roll tube and pour plate methods, underestimated faecal contamination in shellfish tissue compared with a liquid MPN multiple test-tube method using minerals-modified-glutamate broth (MMGB) as primary enrichment medium.
(3) They harvest shellfish standing in the water or meandering through mangrove forests on the shore.
(4) We were unable to establish a significant relationship between the presence of the bacterium and that of its specific bacteriophages in the shellfish.
(5) These effects were observed in 5 and 10% shellfish feeding.
(6) "Fisherwomen, who before in a week would get 20 to 30 kilos of shellfish, now take a whole week to get 2 or 3 kilos," says De Alcántara, sitting on a folding metal chair in a dusty meeting hall.
(7) Provocation tests by eating foods such as eggs, meats, and shellfish reproduced the above-mentioned bladder disorders.
(8) Evidence is presented which establishes that mackerel fed in captivity can, by relay from contaminated shellfish via sand eels, accumulate paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) in the edible flesh at a level (250 micrograms saxitoxin equivalents per kg) similar to that in the contaminated shellfish.
(9) injections of dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-1, causative agents of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.
(10) The shellfish also contained decarbamoyl toxins (dc-GTX II and dc-GTX-III) at approximately 2% of the total profile.
(11) These studies suggest the possibility that patients sensitized by exposure to caddis fly antigens could develop allergic reactions during their first exposure to shellfish or to their first bee sting.
(12) When the two thirds of the subjects who had been exposed were classified according to the frequency with which they had recently consumed any type of raw shellfish, there was a clear dose-response relation.
(13) Another shellfish sterol, 24-methylene cholesterol, also stimulated ACAT in human macrophages, but most of the xanthomatosis-related sterols did not stimulate ACAT.
(14) A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to detect oxytetracycline (OTC) in three species of marine shellfish (Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes philippinarum and Scrobicularia plana).
(15) Thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography results indicate that Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5 may produce paralytic shellfish poisons, mainly neo-saxitoxin and saxitoxin.
(16) Ten paralytic shellfish toxins [saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, B-1, B-2, gonyautoxin 1, 2, and 3 (i.e., GTX-1, GTX-2, and GTX-3), C-1, C-2, and C-3] were oxidized at room temperature under mildly basic conditions with hydrogen peroxide or periodic acid.
(17) wt of 23,000 was identified in foot homogenate derived from paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) contaminated butter clams and was found to cross-react with crab-saxitoxin-induced protein (SIP) antiserum.
(18) A study was carried out to further evaluate the practicability of viral depuration by assaying individual shellfish.
(19) Other matters for investigation are: methods for quantitatively detecting viruses adsorbed on solids, the virus-removal capability of soils, better virus indicators, virus concentration in shellfish, the frequency of infection in man brought about by swallowing small numbers of viruses in water, the epidemiology of virus infection in man by the water route, the effect of viruses of nonhuman origin on man, and the occurrence of tumour-inducing agents in water.
(20) The control measures consisted of the prohibition of the harvest and sale of all bivalve mollusks as well as a public warning to avoid the consumption of such shellfish.