(1) Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP) is induced by maternal antibodies to fetal platelet alloantigens.
(2) They review the platelet antigen systems involved in NAITP and raise the problem of its present antenatal and postnatal management.
(3) This antigen is considered to be a product of an allele of the Yuk gene, another allele of which codes for Yuka which was involved in 2 cases of NAITP.
(4) anti-HLA-A24+B51 and anti-HLA-Bw61+Cw3, respectively, were detected in the mother's sera, which reacted to each patient's lymphocytes and were presumed to have been contribute to NAITP.
(5) Antibodies to the platelet HPA-1a antigen can elicit in the newborn a condition known as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP).
(6) The case report emphasises that in patients with NAITP intracranial haemorrhage may occur in utero and during the perinatal period as well.
(7) Furthermore, in a review from the currently available literature the following items will be discussed: 1) human platelet antigens involved in NAITP, 2) clinical aspects and prognosis of NAITP, 3) immunological diagnosis of NAITP, and 4) prevention and treatment of the disease.
(8) We propose further study to determine if this is specific for the antepartum diagnosis of NAITP.
(9) Here reported are two cases with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP).
(10) However, the strongest association both in mothers of NAITP patients and in PTP patients was observed with the supertypic DRw52 antigen.
(11) On the other hand, some NAITP cases may have been overlooked because of their mildness.
(12) The only mother who was delivered of a child with clinical NAITP was the woman with anti-Zwa(PIA1) in serum.
(13) Sensitive assays of maternal platelet alloantibody are now available, but they lack specificity for NAITP affecting the current gestation.
(14) The authors report a case of two siblings who developed a neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP) due to Bak-System incompatibility.
(15) We report a new platelet antigen (Yukb) involved in a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP).
(16) We demonstrate the sonographic and computer-tomographic findings in a newborn with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP).
(17) The strong association between HLA-DR3 and Zwa alloimmunization in Zwa-negative mothers, resulting in the production of anti-Zwa antibodies and ultimately in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP) in the newborn, could be confirmed.
(18) We reviewed 58 literature reports of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP).
Placenta
Definition:
(n.) The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.
(n.) The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are attached.
Example Sentences:
(1) These studies, in addition to demonstrating that the placenta contains TRH deamidase activity, suggest that losses of fetal TRH through the placenta are not large.
(2) A cDNA library prepared from human placenta has been screened for sequences coding for factor XIIIa, the enzymatically active subunit of the factor XIII complex that stabilizes blood clots through crosslinking of fibrin molecules.
(3) 1) The incidence of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), threatened premature delivery, toxemia and abruption placentae were 40.6, 36.4, 7.8 and 3.0%, respectively.
(4) By contrast, there was a rapid exchange of tracer Leu carbon between placenta and fetus resulting in a significant flux of labeled KIC from placenta to fetus.
(5) GnRH has paracrine (local) effects in the gonads and placenta, acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and has autocrine regulatory effects in some tumour cells.
(6) However, a history of abruptio placentae revealed an 11-fold risk of premature separation of placentae in subsequent pregnancy.
(7) In the first model, the kinetics of the number of bacteria in the spleen, liver, and placenta of mice inoculated intravenously on day 16 of pregnancy were monitored for 48 h after infection.
(8) This was either giant teratoma of placenta or malformed twin foetus.
(9) DNA of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined in 131 placentae and 28 umbilical blood specimens by DNA-DNA hybridization.
(10) A stillborn girl, with external signs of trisomy 18 syndrome, was subsequently shown to have a mosaic pattern in both the lymphocytes and the placenta.
(11) The placenta was demonstrated to increase in thickness with advancing menstrual age.
(12) Glutathione S-transferase (GST) purified from Schistosoma mansoni or human placenta was inhibited by the antischistosomal drug oltipraz (OPZ) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
(13) We have found FLT4 expression in human placenta, lung, heart, and kidney, whereas the pancreas and brain appeared to contain very little if any FLT4 RNA.
(14) Based on morphological, virological, biochemical and molecular biological data, it is proposed that the presence of endogenous retrovirus particles in the placental cytotrophoblasts of many mammals is indicative of some beneficial action provided by the virus in relation to cell fusion, syncytiotrophoblast formation and the creation of the placenta.
(15) The levels of oestrogens and progesterone were greater (P less than 0.05) in the umbilical vein than umbilical artery, indicating the endocrine function of the placenta.
(16) In each rabbit, a single fetal sac was opened, the umbilical vessels were cannulated and the placenta was perfused in situ with buffered Krebs solution containing Dextran.
(17) Two similar, 41- and 67-kDa G-proteins were identified in the wheat germ-purified insulin receptor preparations obtained from human placenta.
(18) It was concluded that (i) free fatty acids can cross the rabbit placenta in amounts sufficient to provide the fatty acid components of stored triglyceride and structural lipids; (ii) placental transport of free fatty acids depends in part on maternal blood concentration and on foetal uptake; (iii) foetal circulating free fatty acids are continually exchanging with fatty acid pools in the placenta and with the maternal circulating free fatty acids.
(19) We postulate that the apposition of trophotaenial epithelium to the internal ovarian epithelium constitutes a placental association equivalent to a noninvasive, epithelioform of an inverted yolk sac placenta.
(20) These data suggest that fasting mobilizes maternal fuel stores but that these stores are not effectively used by the placenta or transported to the fetus for storage.