What's the difference between naphthalate and phthalate?
Naphthalate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of naphthalic acid; a phthalate.
Example Sentences:
(1) A spectrophotometric method for the determination of free and conjugated 1,8-naphthalic acid in urine has been developed and has been used in the study of the metabolism of the acenaphthene-1,2-diols.
(2) The similarity of the side-chain characteristics of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]- anthraquinone (DHAQ), discovered by us in 1978, and those of the N-substituted imides of 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic acid, discovered by other investigators recently, led us to conduct a systematic study on the N-(aminoalkyl)-substituted derivatives of a variety of imides.
(3) Two new antitumour drugs, imide derivatives of 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic acid having different basic side chains linked to the imide nitrogen, have been shown to bind to double-helical DNA by intercalation.
(4) Preliminary biological activity screening indicated that N-(dialkylaminoethyl)imides of the 3,6-dinitro- and 3,6-diamino-1,8-naphthalic acid system possessed prominent antileukemia and antimelanoma activity in both in vitro and in vivo experimental tumor systems.
(5) 1,8-Naphthalic acid has been isolated as its anhydride from the urine of the dosed animals.
(6) However, microsomes isolated from shoots of seeds pretreated with naphthalic anhydride formed a single bentazon metabolite when provided with NADPH.
(7) Antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride increased by a factor of 2 the cellular level of glutathione.
(8) Terbinafine [(E)-N(6,6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-N-methyl-1-naphthale nemethanamine], an antimycotic agent that inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase activity, was examined for its effects on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated aortic smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis in vitro and neointimal proliferation in vivo.
(9) Results agree well with those obtained by Trinder's naphthal-hydroxamic acid precipitation method.
(10) Possible mechanisms for the microsomal ring-fission, involving 1,8-naphthalic aldehyde, are discussed.
(11) 1,8-Naphthalic acid was detected and isolated after microsomal incubations of the diols.
(12) Amonafide, one of a series of imide derivatives of 1,8-naphthalic acid synthesized by Brana et al.
(13) 1.14.14.1) and that a seed pretreatment with naphthalic anhydride is necessary for recovery of activity in vitro.
Phthalate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of phthalic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although differences were noted between species, the absolute rates of absorption measured indicate that the phthalate esters are slowly absorbed through both human and rat skin.
(2) In order to make the plastic more flexible, various agents are added, of which the most common is di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP).
(3) The testicular response of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as well as the kinetics of DEHP and its primary metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), were studied in immature and mature rats.
(4) The phthalate ester method can conveniently be used to follow changes in cell densities during vaso-occlusive events, to monitor therapy targeted at modifying intracellular hemoglobin S concentrations, and in sequential applications in large field trials designed to determine the relationship between red cell heterogeneity and specific manifestations of the sickle cell syndromes.
(5) Phthalates have also been linked to allergies and asthma .
(6) The odorant, diluted in diethyl phthalate, was n-butanol in two experiments and n-amyl acetate in two others.
(7) The stereoselectivity of the teratogenic activity of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (EHXA), a metabolite of the widely-used plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, was investigated.
(8) The objective of the present study was to determine if periods of exposure would modify the developmental toxicity of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP).
(9) Because this metabolically active cell type plays a central role in spermatogenesis, we examined the effects of a toxic phthalate, mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP), on the secretory and synthetic activities of primary testicular cell cultures isolated from 18-day-old rats.
(10) The time-course for the micronuclei induced by DMtP was in agreement with the literature data on fast excretion of phthalates from mammal body.
(11) as a metabolite of allyl acetate, allyl stearate, allyl benzoate, diallyl phthalate, allyl nitrite, triallyl phosphate and sodium allyl sulphate.
(12) The density distribution of the cells was determined by differential flotation on 20 mixtures of di-n-butyl and dimethyl phthalates with specific gravities of 1.062 to 1.142.
(13) Diethyl phthalate in the desiccant in 100-count bottles of brand A levothyroxine sodium tablets appeared to have leached into the tablets.
(14) Clofibric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and Wy-14,643 induced enzymes indicative of peroxisomal proliferation in primary rat hepatocyte cultures, but not in two human hepatocyte cultures.
(15) The highest concentrations of both DEHP and MEHP were found in the platelet-poor plasma, indicating that platelets do not have a major role in the accumulation of the phthalates in blood.
(16) In air of the chamber, dibutyl phthalate and p-cumylphenol were determined quantitatively by gas chromatography.
(17) Initial experiments demonstrated that peroxisome proliferation could be obtained by exposing primary hepatocyte cultures derived from selenium-deficient rats to clofibric acid (an in vivo hydrolysis product of clofibrate which is the proximate peroxisome proliferator), nafenopin or mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
(18) Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) induced chromosome aberrations in cells of two culture lines, one derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and the other from rat liver cells (RL4).
(19) Data collected on various types of filters (dust and mist; dust, fume, and mist; paint, lacquer, and enamel mist; and high efficiency) challenged with a worst case-type sodium chloride (NaCl) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) aerosol are presented.
(20) In this study, we have compared DEP to four other commonly used plasticizers, 2-diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 2-diethylhezyl adipate (DEHA), and acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC), for their ability to induce the cytochrome P450-mediated fatty acid omega-hydroxylation system, which is one of the initial cellular responses when animals are treated with peroxisome proliferators.