(n.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline.
Example Sentences:
(1) The formation of 1-naphthol from naphthalene was investigated in rat brain 105,000 g particulate fraction.
(2) Synthesis of hexabromonaphthalenes (HBNs) by direct bromination of naphthalene results in a mixture of two isomers.
(3) Trospectomycin sulphate, a novel analogue of spectinomycin, was compared to spectinomycin, tetracycline, lincosamide, macrolide, quinolone and naphthalenic ansamycin-class antibiotics for in-vitro activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
(4) After prolonged adaptation of strain BN6 to growth on 6A2NS, this organism readily converted all naphthalene-2-sulfonates with OH- or NH2-substituents in the 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-position.
(5) In contrast to wild-type F1 adenosine triphosphatase, the beta subunits of soluble ATPase from Escherichia coli mutant strains AN120 (uncA401) and AN939 (uncD412) were not labeled by the fluorescent thiol-specific reagents 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein, 2-(4'-iodoacetamidoanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid or 4-[N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl]amino-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole.
(6) In all cases, naphthalene was metabolised to a covalently bound product(s) and to two major methanol-soluble products, which co-chromatographed with 1-naphthol and 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene.
(7) The degradation of 3- and 4-HBs by these strains is therefore analogous to the metabolism of biphenyl, 2-HB, and naphthalene in the requirement for 2,3-catechol formation.
(8) The gamma-crystallin fractions II, III and IV from calf eye lens were treated with the thiol-specific fluorescent probe 2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate (MIANS), in order to determine the reactivity of the seven (gamma-II) or six (gamma-III, gamma-IV) cysteine residues.
(9) Pinwheel inclusions (PWs) were found in cells of callus tissue derived from explants of secondary phloem parenchyma of carrot (Daucus carota) storage root and grown on a basal medium containing zeatin and indoleacetic acid or coconut milk, naphthalene acetic acid, or combinations of these.
(10) The organic portion of this structure demonstrates near-C2 symmetry with a pseudo-twofold axis coincident with the central C-C naphthalene ring bond.
(11) The m-xylene-adapted microorganisms in the aquifer column degraded toluene, benzaldehyde, benzoate, m-toluylaldehyde, m-toluate, m-cresol, p-cresol, and p-hydroxybenzoate but were unable to metabolize benzene, naphthalene, methylcyclohexane, and 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane.
(12) The absorbed and in the urine excreted 14C-activities are measured with a scintillation spectrophotometer and scintillator composed of 2,5-diphenyloxazole(POP), 1,4-bis-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl)benzene (dimethyl-POPOP), naphthalene, toluene and ethyleneglycol monomethylether.
(13) To examine this question in detail, intracellular glutathione levels were monitored in mouse hepatocytes incubated in the presence of various concentrations of naphthalene.
(14) A proprietary insecticidal mulesing powder containing diazinon and an experimental liquid dressing based on eucalyptus oil, naphthalene, cresylic acid and chlorfenvinphos in a carrier of liquid hydrocarbons and petroleum oil were compared for their ability to promote wound healing and reduce the incidence of fly strike in freshly mulesed lambs.
(15) Rates of mineralization were observed, as follows, for [14C]hexadecane greater than [14C]naphthalene greater than [14C]toluene greater than [14C]cyclohexane.
(16) Salicylic acid which accumulated as a product of naphthalene catabolism in the cultural broth of the wild strain was found to undergo further oxidation by the population of growing cells.
(17) Previous studies have demonstrated the formation of three glutathione conjugates during the hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism of naphthalene in the presence of reduced glutathione and cytosolic enzymes containing the glutathione transferases.
(18) The ability of P. putida, strain NCIB 9816, to grow with naphthalene (Nah+) and salicylate (Sal+) is correlated with the presence of an 83 kilobase (kb) conjugative plasmid (pDTG1).
(19) Adjacent organic anions are separated by the Li+ ions and their coordination polyhedra, with the water molecules occupying positions above and below the naphthalene rings and participating in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network.
(20) The minor isomer is definitively identified as 2,3,4,5,6,7-HBN by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of brominated [1-13C]naphthalene-derived products.
Phthalic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bronchial provocation studies using alcoholic-saline solutions of phthalic anhydride and phthalic anhydride dust resulted in immediate airway obstruction.
(2) We have evaluated three chemicals using this scheme: phthalic anhydride, reactive black b dye, and toluene diisocyanate.
(3) Phthalic acid esters concentration-dependently inhibited the formation of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase arachidonate products by rat peritoneal leucocytes.
(4) ELISA method was used by phthalic anhydride conjugated to human serum albumin antigen.
(5) Acylation of phenol with succinic, glutaric, trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, maleic, phthalic, and cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydrides in anhydrous acetic acid generally resulted in phenyl acetate as the major product.
(6) Pretreatment for the determination of phthalic acid, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in human serum or plasma, and the determination of these compounds in blood products by high-performance liquid chromatography was studied.
(7) Most unexpectedly, phthalic acid (1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid), which lacks a nitrogen, also evoked [3H]acetylcholine release from striatal slices, apparently by acting at NMDA-type receptors.
(8) For cerebrospinal fluid samples, the mobile phase is modified by addition of 10% of a 4 mM phthalic acid solution.
(9) In two patients a new photoallergen has, perhaps, been discovered, namely a derivative of phthalic acid which is employed as fungicidal pesticide.
(10) Urine was assayed by a method that would measure unchanged DEHP as well as all phthalic acid-containing metabolites.
(11) Four groups of four Macaca fascicularis monkeys were administered 10 consecutive weekly subcutaneous injections of 2 mg aluminum hydroxide plus one of the following: 200 micrograms of phthalic anhydride (PA)-monkey serum albumin (PA-MSA, group 1); 200 micrograms of PA dissolved in ethanol-saline (EtOH-sal, group 2); 200 micrograms of MSA (group 3); or EtOH-sal alone (group 4).
(12) Quinolinic acid, dipicolinic acid and phthalic acid were moderately potent inhibitors (Kl = approximately equal to 100 microM) of the specific binding of 2-[3H]amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid a compound thought to be a competitive antagonist of NMDA-type receptors.
(13) Despite its lack of a nitrogen and low intrinsic activity, intrastriatal injection of phthalic acid produced axon-sparing lesions of intrinsic cell bodies, like quinolinic acid as assessed by neurochemical and histologic methods.
(14) DBP and its metabolites, MBP and phthalic acid, did not produce any striking effect upon hepatic and serum enzyme activities in vitro.
(15) Six simple benzene derivatives (aniline, anisole, benzoic acid, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, and phthalic anhydride) and other important specialty chemicals: hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, 2,6-diethylaniline, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol were also chosen for study of environmental behavior and fate in the model aquatic ecosystem.
(16) Water-soluble adjuvant treated with phthalic or succinic anhydride was shown to be an adjuvant when administered in saline.
(17) The [14C]Ga-PcS compounds were prepared via the condensation of [14C]phthalic acid and sulfophthalic acid in the presence of gallium chloride and characterized by their spectroscopic and chromatographic properties.
(18) Circulating concentrations of the biologically active products of DEHP de-esterification, viz., mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and phthalic acid, were also determined during the dialysis session.
(19) Under conditions of exposure where both chemicals elicited an IgG anti-hapten antibody response, only phthalic anhydride caused an increase in the serum concentration of IgE.
(20) The method has potential for biological monitoring of workers exposed to phthalic anhydride.