(n.) An alkaloid which is the active principle of tobacco. It is a colorless, transparent, oily liquid, having an acrid odor, and an acrid burning taste. It is intensely poisonous.
Example Sentences:
(1) testosterone, fentanyl, nicotine) may ultimately be administered in this way, important questions pertaining to pharmacology (tolerance), toxicity (irritation, sensitisation) and dose sufficiency (penetration enhancement) remain.
(2) The effect of the peptides on carbachol-induced 22Na+ flux into BC3H-1 cells, which contain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on their surfaces, was measured.
(3) The compounds 1-3 in reaction with nicotine aldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde were transformed into appropriate anilides of 2,3-epoxypropionic acid 4-9.
(4) The data suggest that the hypothalamic beta-E containing neurons were unable to adapt to nicotine's repeated effects on this system.
(5) The marine natural product lophotoxin has produced a non-reversible antagonism of parasympathetic and sympathetic functions that are known to be mediated by C6 sub-type nicotinic receptors.
(6) Stuart Forman and Keith Miller describe the physiological, biophysical and molecular biological evidence pointing to the location of a discrete allosteric site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at which local anesthetics act.
(7) These impairments were seen in animals of both sexes, a finding which challenges the view that only females prenatally treated with nicotine show deficits in maze learning.
(8) Treatment with oxotremorine caused down-regulation of muscarinic receptors, while treatment with nicotine caused up-regulation of nicotinic receptors.
(9) Twelve young male smokers each participated in four conditions on 4 separate days: stress + nicotine, stress + placebo (stress alone), rest + nicotine (nicotine alone), and rest + placebo.
(10) More recently, it has been reported that individuals strongly reactive to psychological stress are also strongly reactive to nicotine.
(11) The beneficial effect of nicotine has been seen after both acute and chronic administration.
(12) At a concentration of 10 microM, tetraamine 4 did not affect histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors of guinea pig ileum or alpha-adrenoreceptors of guinea pig atria whereas it inhibited postsynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors of rat vas deferens with a -log K value of 5.23 and nicotinic receptors of frog rectus abdominis with an IC50 value of 0.23 microM.
(13) With an 80% carbohydrate diet, the rate of catabolism from the plasma compartment rose by a mean of 39.1%; with nicotinic acid treatment, it fell by 42.2%.
(14) The inhibitory action of nicotine on plasma extravasation may contribute, in part, to the reported increased severity of arthritis in individuals who smoke.
(15) The inhibitory response was not decreased by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, yohimbine or naloxone, suggesting that muscarinic, nicotinic, alpha 2 adrenergic or opiate receptors were not being stimulated.
(16) Dose-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine were established for pairs of tissues with and without epithelium, each pair receiving only one dose of nicotine.
(17) The effect of nicotine on the nervous system during rapid smoking of two calibrated cigarettes was measured in twenty subjects: light, medium, heavy and non-smokers, across the changes of a number of electrophysiological variables and in different situations.
(18) Tremors induced by chemical agents (nicotine, zinc and tremorine) were markedly inhibited by HA-966.
(19) Magnesium (Mg) deficiency, nicotine, and high dietary cholesterol are contributing factors that accentuate adverse effects of vitamin D.
(20) Orthodromic action potentials were initiated by excitatory postsynaptic potentials and mediated by nicotinic receptors.
Thc
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) In urethane-anesthetized rabbits, IOP and blood pressure were lowered by intravenous administration of delta 9-THC but not by bolus cerebral administration.
(2) If the concentration of delta 9-THC could be measured at its site of action, then the relevance of many of its pharmacological effects could be adequately determined.
(3) These findings are discussed in light of present knowledge of delta9-THC metabolism and in view of current analytical procedures for the determination of delta9-THC and its metabolites in physiological fluids.
(4) 4 It is concluded that clomipramine acts as an antagonist to these actions of delta9-THC by interfering with entry of delta9-THC into tryptaminergic neurones.
(5) Fourteen of 15 patients had a reduction in nausea and vomiting on THC as compared to placebo.
(6) Thus, THC appears to inhibit both T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation with B-lymphocyte responses displaying greater inhibition at lower drug concentration.
(7) The effects were assessed of delta'THC (the psychoactive component of cannabis) and CBD and DMHP-CBD (the non-psychomimetic components of marijuana derivatives) on 14C labelled serotonin release from normal platelets, when incubated with patient's plasma obtained during migraine attack.
(8) We compared the ablative efficiency on canine colonic mucosa of the THC:YAG laser with the clinically employed cw Nd:YAG laser.
(9) Loss of the righting response was not associated with any gross reduction in skeletal muscle tone (inclined screen and wire grip tests) and it was proposed that the animals were not anaesthetized but instead could be placed on their backs because flurazepam had enhanced the cataleptic effect of THC.
(10) A high EMIT result gave a high probability of finding a high THC concentration in the subsequent confirmation analysis.
(11) Speech quantity was recorded continuously in seven moderate marijuana users during separate 1 h experimental sessions following the paced smoking of 0, 1.01, 1.84, and 2.84% THC marijuana cigarettes.
(12) The results show that a 10 minute pretreatment with THC suppresses the normal rise in intracellular free Ca2+ in response to Con A.
(13) Our calculations show that the biological inactive O-methyl-delta 8-THC orients with its long axis parallel to the lipid acyl chains, whereas the psychoactive cannabinoids assume "awkward" orientations in which the hydroxyl groups are pointing towards the bilayer interface, presumably to maximize the amphipathic interaction with the membrane.
(14) However, research continues all over the world and last week scientists at the University of East Anglia showed that THC could in fact help combat the growth of cancerous cells .
(15) The effects of THC on PG formation were compared in different brain regions.
(16) THC-tolerant animals initially had higher blood levels of 14C-THC than controls after IG drug administration.
(17) While lawmakers debate how much THC (the psychoactive component in marijuana) a person can have in their blood before they're a danger on the road, Colorado's policemen have to rely on field sobriety tests.
(18) Aminoalkylindoles, which are structurally dissimilar from classical cannabinoids, have been found to exhibit a pharmacological profile similar to delta 9-THC.
(19) The interactions for ethanol + delta 9-THC combinations were effect-additive for accuracy and both effect- and dose-additive for rate of responding.
(20) These results suggest that a portion of the proliferation defect in THC treated lymphocytes may be related to a drug induced inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization that normally occurs following mitogen treatment.