(n.) A common name of many species of the genus Solanum, given esp. to the Solanum nigrum, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous.
Example Sentences:
(1) Further evidence showing that the fruit of the black nightshade contains acetylcholine was obtained by chromatographic separation of the aqueous extract.
(2) (black nightshade) has been established based upon the following pharmacological tests: a) isotonic contraction of the isolated toad rectus abdominis; b) negative chronotropic and inotropic action on the isolated toad heart; c) isotonic contraction of the isolated guinea pig's ileum; d) isotonic contraction of the rat's isolated jejunum; 3) decrease on the cat's arterial blood pressure; f) secretory effects on the rat's submaxillary gland.
(3) Winter stem fluid from the bittersweet nightshade, Solanum dulcamara L., also showed the recrystallization inhibition activity characteristic of the animal thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs), suggesting a possible function for the THPs in this freeze tolerant species.
(4) A case of serious atropine poisoning caused by consumption of the fruits of deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) which commenced with psychosis in a boy of nine years is described.
(5) The open reading frame and terminator region of a wound-inducible tomato Inhibitor I gene, regulated by the CaMV 35S promoter, was stably integrated into the genomes of nightshade (Solanum nigrum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system.
(6) Inhibitor I was extracted from leaves of wounded transformed nightshade plants and was partially purified by affinity chromatography on a chymotrypsin-Sepharose column.
(7) Nutritionally complete diets containing sicklepod or black nightshade seed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32% were fed to groups of three to five male Sprague-Dawley rats in a series of short-term (8-9 days) toxicity studies.
(8) Transgenic nightshade plants were selected that expressed the tomato Inhibitor I protein in leaf tissue.
(9) Ripened nightshade berries (Solanum dulcamara) are among the most commonly reported plant ingestions in Minnesota.
(10) Black nightshade seed was relatively non-toxic compared with the sicklepod.
(11) Exposure to gerberas, freesias, chrysanthemums and to genera of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) such as paprikas, tomatoes, egg plants and potatoes may lead to allergy with raised IgE levels.
(12) The protein exhibited the same Mr of 8 kDa as the native tomato Inhibitor I and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was identical to that of the native tomato inhibitor I, indicating that the protein was properly processed in nightshade plants.
(13) Using electron microscopy techniques, the newly synthesized pre-pro-Inhibitor I protein was shown to be correctly processed and stored as a mature Inhibitor I protein within the central vacuoles of leaves of transgenic nightshade and alfalfa.
(14) A wound-inducible proteinase Inhibitor I gene from tomato containing 725 bp of the 5' region and 2.5 kbp of the 3' region was stably incorporated into the genome of black nightshade plants (Solanum nigrum) using an Agrobacterium Ti plasmid-derived vector.
(15) Among the naturally growing flowers in Germany, deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), jimson weed (thornapple, Datura stramonium) and black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) contain enough alkaloids to cause mydriasis by direct contact.
(16) (silverleaf nightshade), Solanum sarrachoides (S. villosum Lam.--hairy nightshade), Solanum dulcamara L. (European bittersweet nightshade) or Solanum melongena L. (eggplant).
(17) Pilocarpine pupil testing led to the correct diagnosis of pharmacologic pupillary dilation from an unexpected and unusual source of plant poisoning, Solanum dulcamara (blue nightshade).
(18) The principal adverse effects of black nightshade were decreased body-weight gain and feed consumption, which occurred during the first 3 days of the study in animals fed 32% seed.
(19) The results demonstrate that the gene contains elements that can be regulated in a wound-inducible, tissue-specific manner in nightshade plants.
Solanine
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common nightshade (Solanum nigrum), and of bittersweet, and from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an acrid, burning taste; -- called also solonia, and solanina.
Example Sentences:
(1) A new analytical method for quantitative determination of solanine and chaconine in potato tubers, sprouts and leaves has been developed: a) The extraction with pyridine causes a careful isolation of glycoalkaloids; b) the glycoalkaloids are determined by gaschromatography after silylation.
(2) ODC activity was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 24hr after alpha-solanine was given.
(3) The amount of solanine in potato waste recovered after the meal was excessive as assessed by its anticholinesterase activity.
(4) The amount of alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine in the flesh and peel of potatoes from a bag (B) known to have been left from the previous term was high.
(5) The Ames test for mutagenicity with alpha-solanine was weakly positive in TA100 with S-9 activation (29 revertants per millimole per plate).
(6) An equivalent amount of extract of healthy potatoes of the same variety and injection of pure solanine had the same effect.
(7) Mice receiving unripened fruit from early in the season had gastrointestinal tissue changes consistent with solanine toxicity.
(8) Potato alkaloids can cause death when parenterally administered, and is attributed to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of solanine and chaconine.
(9) However, inhibition was not only dependent on the presence of a sugar moiety since the glycone alpha-solanine was inactive under the conditions used.
(10) It is concluded that by virtue of either its stimulatory or its inhibitory effect on cell growth, alpha-solanine could act as a human teratogen.
(11) alpha-Solanine and alpha-chaconine were detected in all blood serum samples collected from seven volunteers 1-25 h after a meal of potatoes.
(12) Animals dosed with unripened fruit from the latter part of the year showed behavioral signs suggestive of solanine toxicity, however gastrointestinal lesions were not observed.
(13) Low concentrations of alpha-solanine stimulated the growth of cultured human fibroblasts, while higher concentrations (greater 30 mug ml-1) had a markedly inhibitory effect.
(14) Such common ingredients as nitrates and nitrites, solanine, cyanogenetic compounds, arsenic, etc., are unavoidably consumed in the diet and with little if any evidence for public health consequences.
(15) The results warrant the claim that the main factor responsible for the direct embryotoxicity of potatoes attacked by P. infestans is solanine, which evokes tonic contraction of the smooth muscle elements of the amnion.
(16) In potatoes, two major indigenous compounds are alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, which are human plasma cholinesterase inhibitors and teratogens in animals.
(17) Feulgen microdensitometry of cells treated with high doses of alpha-solanine revealed an abnormal accumulation of cells in G2.
(18) These were the glycoalkaloids alpha-solanine and alpha-tomatine and the steroid glycosides gitoxin, lanatoside A and digitonin.
(19) The inhibition by solanine of the active calcium transport in the rat intestine was found to be noncompetitive, the inhibitory constant being 25 microM.
(20) Substances occurring naturally in food like trypsin inhibitors, solanine and cumarin.