(n.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The gossylic nitriles all retain activity, with activity increasing with the length of the peri-acyl group.
(2) Photoresponsive nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp.
(3) R312, a coryneform strain producing nitrile hydratase and amidase.
(4) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(5) Finally, knowledge regarding the mechanism of toxicological action provided valuable information in relating toxicological properties among the aliphatic nitriles.
(6) The most probable one is the chlorination of the protein terminal amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the N-chloramine so formed into alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, nitrile or aldehyde groups.
(7) The liquid chromatographic separation of the compounds of interest and the internal standard (indomethacin) is accomplished in an isocratic elution procedure using a nitrile (CN) stationary phase.
(8) In contrast, six closely related non-nitrile ligands containing identical peptide side chains but having C-terminal groups incapable of binding covalently to papain had unmeasureably high dissociation constants.
(9) Similarly the glucosinolate aglucones, isothiocyanates or vinyl oxazolidinethione, were not transferred to milk although small amounts of unsaturated nitrile (1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene) and inorganic thiocyanate were detected in milk.
(10) When propionitrile was the growth substrate, there was complete conversion of the nitrile to propionic acid and ammonia as the major products.
(11) A study was carried out on terminal, infiltrational and conductive anaesthetic activity of new aliphatic-aromatic aminoamides, C6H5CR(NHCOR'') - (CH2)nNR'2, which are the result of reaction between corresponding aminocarbinoles with nitriles in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(12) The covalent adduct is most likely a thioimidate formed between the essential thiol and the nitrile.
(13) Inhibition of DPP-I by 3d provides only the second example of a cysteine protease which is strongly inhibited by a nitrile analogue of a specific substrate.
(14) The finding of PQQ in nitrile hydratase strongly suggests a new function of PQQ, i.e., the activation of H2O in the enzymatic hydration reaction.
(15) Several p-nitroanilide substrates and their corresponding nitrile inhibitors were examined.
(16) A number of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoling-8-nitriles and -8-thioamides and related compounds have been found to be potent inhibitors of basal gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat and to afford protection against gastric erosions induced in rats by cold-restraint stress.
(17) It was postulated that the facile hydrolysis is the result of an intramolecular-catalyzed reaction resulting from the formation of a transient cyclic intermediate between nitrile carbon and exocyclic nitrogen.
(18) This procedure was sufficient to predict correctly that nitrile would protect better than neoprene; however, direct experimental confirmation was necessary to select the type of nitrile material which provided optimum protection.
(19) An aliquot of the extract was injected onto the HPLC nitrile reversed-phase column.
(20) Methacrylonitrile, a reactive, unsaturated and methylated aliphatic nitrile, has industrial applications in a variety of organic processes related to the polymer industry.