(n.) A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See Saltpeter.
(n.) Native sodium carbonate; natron.
(n.) See Niter.
Example Sentences:
(1) The fast activation rates obtained by the photorelease of Ca2+ from nitr-5 are similar to those obtained with skinned skeletal fibres of actin-regulated muscle.
(2) The "caged" calcium chelator Nitr-5 was incorporated into isolated rat ventricular myocytes.
(3) First, nitr-5, a photolabile nitrobenzhydrol tetracarboxylate calcium chelator, which releases calcium in response to ultraviolet light, was used.
(4) This paper introduces nitr-2, a new Ca2+ chelator designed to release Ca2+ upon illumination with near UV (300-400 nm) light.
(5) Laser-induced photolysis of the caged calcium molecule, nitr-5, was used to generate a rapid jump in free Ca2+ (within 1 ms) at the site of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thus overcoming delays due to Ca2+ diffusion from the bathing solution.
(6) Nitr-5 or the related compounds nitr-2 and nitr-7, complexed with Ca2+, were introduced into rat sympathetic ganglion cells by dialysis from a patch pipette electrode operating in the whole-cell, voltage-clamp mode.
(7) A quantitative estimate of the spatial distribution of intracellular [Ca2+] changes in large cells filled with a high concentration of nitr-2 and exposed to an intense UV flash is offered.
(8) The fluorescence properties of the calcium indicators Fura-2 and Fluo-3 have been investigated in the presence of the 'caged calcium' photolabile chelators Nitr-5 and DM-nitrophen.
(9) To overcome diffusion delays, rapid increases in the concentrations of Ca2+ and Ins(1,4,5)P3 were produced by laser photolysis of "caged Ca2+" (Nitr-5) and "caged Ins(1,4,5)P3".
(10) The method consisted of equilibrating a myofibrillar bundle (100 micrograms diameter) in a solution containing 0.1 mM-nitr-5 (initial pCa 6.8-6.6) and then exposing it to a UV laser pulse.
(11) By increasing the laser pulse energy or the initial Ca2+ loading of the nitr-5, the post-photolysis pCa was varied from 6.7 to 6.0; the CICR response increased in size over this pCa range.
(12) In intact muscles loaded with the photolabile Ca2+ chelator, nitr-5, photo-activated release of Ca2+ during the slow wave cycle produced changes consistent with activation of Ca2(+)-dependent outward currents.
(13) Nitr-5 was loaded into the hair cell by incubation with the membrane-permeable form of the compound (nitr-5 AM).
(14) Fluo-3 can also be microinjected into fibroblasts along with photolabile compounds such as nitr-5 and caged inositol trisphosphate for photorelease experiments.
(15) Although IM is not primarily Ca2+ dependent, small increases in [Ca2+]i by photolysis of the "caged" Ca2+ chelator nitr-5 or by evoking action potentials augmented, while larger increases inhibited, IM.
(16) Each flash-evoked current rose rapidly to a peak and decayed to half in 3-12 s. Our model mimicked this behavior when it included diffusion of calcium and nitr perpendicular to the surface of the neuron facing the flashlamp.
(17) To delineate the roles of presynaptic potential and calcium entry in transmitter release, we have used nitr-5, a photolabile calcium chelator, and a voltage-clamp technique to control intracellular calcium and membrane potential independently at a synapse formed between cell bodies of cultured neurons of the fresh water snail Helisoma trivolvis.
(18) In contrast, Ca2+ photorelease from nitr-5 had a biphasic effect: a small, rapid inactivation of the Ca2+ current was followed by a slow potentiation.
(19) We have studied calcium-activated potassium current, IK(Ca), and calcium-activated nonspecific cation current, INS(Ca), in Aplysia bursting pacemaker neurons, using photolysis of a calcium chelator (nitr-5 or nitr-7) to release "caged calcium" intracellularly.
(20) Light-induced Ca2+ release from the Ca2+ complex of Nitr-5 altered the FTIR spectra of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and purified Ca(2+)-ATPase preparations.
Nitro
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) A new type of Escherichia coli mutant which shows increased sensitivity to methyl methane sulfonate but not to UV light or to gamma rays was isolated after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
(2) Sec-alpha-halo-nitro compounds are active antibacterial and antifungal agents, and the sec-bromo derivatives are the most active and stable.
(3) A series of 2-styryl-5-nitro-1-vinylimidazoles carrying alkylaminomethyl or amidino functions in the 4 position of the styryl ring was prepared and evaluated for antitrypanosomal activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense.
(4) The effects of Ng-nitro-L-arginine were reversed by L-arginine.
(5) The best compound was trans-alpha-[[(4-bromotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl) amino]methyl]-2-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol (18), which, due to its activity and log P value, is a candidate for additional in vivo studies.
(6) In addition, cell lines exhibiting increased resistance to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine have been derived from a cell line expressing the Ada protein methylphosphotriester repair function.
(7) It is likely that nitro substitution at the 6-position of 5-MeC interferes with the structural requirements of the 1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide which are necessary for specific DNA interactions.
(8) After mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and penicillin selection, two kinds of B(12) transport mutant were isolated from this strain.
(9) AOAA-induced (0.25 mumol-1 mumol) striatal lesions in adult rats displayed excitotoxic characteristics and could be prevented by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (-)-2-amino-7-phosphono-heptanoate (AP7; 0.25 mumol) or kynurenate (KYNA; 0.5 mumol), but not by the non-NMDA antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX; 0.25 mumol).
(10) The oxidation of the anion radical intermediate by O2 to the parent nitro compound is proposed to account for the well-known O2 inhibition of microsomal nitroreductase.
(11) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(12) With these compounds, the spin density at the nitro group was greater than with nifurtimox, nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin.
(13) Amino and nitro groups, introduced at position-4 of estrone 3-methyl ether were particularly carcinostatic, a property not shared by 4-bromoestrone 3-methyl ether.
(14) The labeled egg albumin was hydrolyzed in 6N HCl at 110 degrees C for 24 h. The hydrolysate was lyophilized, derivatized with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, a fluorogenic reagent for amines, and subjected to HPLC.
(15) Nitroreductases must therefore be able to compete successfully with molecular oxygen for the MISO nitro radical-anion in such tissues.
(16) It has been suggested that under aerobic conditions the aziridine ring is primarily responsible for aerobic toxicity, whereas under hypoxic conditions, the aziridine moiety combined with a reduced 2-nitro moiety produces a bifunctional agent (I. J. Stratford et al., Br.
(17) N omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME) (10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4) M) abolished ijps in both tissues, an effect overcome by 10(-3) M L-arginine but not D-arginine.
(18) The incidence, number, and histological types of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and the tissue norepinephrine concentration of the gastric wall were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in control Wistar Kyoto rats and Wistar rats.
(19) A nitroreductase enzyme has been isolated from Walker 256 rat carcinoma cells which can convert 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB 1954) to a cytotoxic DNA interstrand crosslinking agent by reduction of its 4-nitro group to the corresponding hydroxylamino species (Roberts JJ et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 140: 1073-1078, 1986; Knox RJ et al., Biochem Pharmacol 37: 4661-4669, 1988).
(20) In contrast, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, metyrapone, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, and nitro-L-arginine all attenuated the relaxation to acetylcholine; however, indomethacin had no effect on acetylcholine-induced relaxations.