(n.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The gossylic nitriles all retain activity, with activity increasing with the length of the peri-acyl group.
(2) Photoresponsive nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp.
(3) R312, a coryneform strain producing nitrile hydratase and amidase.
(4) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(5) Finally, knowledge regarding the mechanism of toxicological action provided valuable information in relating toxicological properties among the aliphatic nitriles.
(6) The most probable one is the chlorination of the protein terminal amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the N-chloramine so formed into alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, nitrile or aldehyde groups.
(7) The liquid chromatographic separation of the compounds of interest and the internal standard (indomethacin) is accomplished in an isocratic elution procedure using a nitrile (CN) stationary phase.
(8) In contrast, six closely related non-nitrile ligands containing identical peptide side chains but having C-terminal groups incapable of binding covalently to papain had unmeasureably high dissociation constants.
(9) Similarly the glucosinolate aglucones, isothiocyanates or vinyl oxazolidinethione, were not transferred to milk although small amounts of unsaturated nitrile (1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene) and inorganic thiocyanate were detected in milk.
(10) When propionitrile was the growth substrate, there was complete conversion of the nitrile to propionic acid and ammonia as the major products.
(11) A study was carried out on terminal, infiltrational and conductive anaesthetic activity of new aliphatic-aromatic aminoamides, C6H5CR(NHCOR'') - (CH2)nNR'2, which are the result of reaction between corresponding aminocarbinoles with nitriles in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(12) The covalent adduct is most likely a thioimidate formed between the essential thiol and the nitrile.
(13) Inhibition of DPP-I by 3d provides only the second example of a cysteine protease which is strongly inhibited by a nitrile analogue of a specific substrate.
(14) The finding of PQQ in nitrile hydratase strongly suggests a new function of PQQ, i.e., the activation of H2O in the enzymatic hydration reaction.
(15) Several p-nitroanilide substrates and their corresponding nitrile inhibitors were examined.
(16) A number of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoling-8-nitriles and -8-thioamides and related compounds have been found to be potent inhibitors of basal gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat and to afford protection against gastric erosions induced in rats by cold-restraint stress.
(17) It was postulated that the facile hydrolysis is the result of an intramolecular-catalyzed reaction resulting from the formation of a transient cyclic intermediate between nitrile carbon and exocyclic nitrogen.
(18) This procedure was sufficient to predict correctly that nitrile would protect better than neoprene; however, direct experimental confirmation was necessary to select the type of nitrile material which provided optimum protection.
(19) An aliquot of the extract was injected onto the HPLC nitrile reversed-phase column.
(20) Methacrylonitrile, a reactive, unsaturated and methylated aliphatic nitrile, has industrial applications in a variety of organic processes related to the polymer industry.
Nitrite
Definition:
(n.) A salt of nitrous acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Amplitude of the musical vibrations decreased by inhalation of amyl nitrite, but increased by infusion of methoxamine.
(2) Optical difference spectroscopy was used to investigate the kinetics of product formation during the reaction of the respiratory chain with nitrite.
(3) Total bacterial counts, nitrate-reducing bacteria and nitrite concentration were determined in fasting gastric juice before and after 4 weeks of treatment with a strong or with a mild antacid drug, a placebo preparation and the spasmolytic agent papaverine which is known to inhibit gastric evacuation.
(4) This would explain why the presence of ammonium sulphate appreciably offsets the effects of decreasing pH and also the exponential relationship between rate of nitrite loss and ammonium sulphate concentration.
(5) For comparison we investigated several structural analogues with respect to their nitric oxide or nitrite ion releasing potency.
(6) Our observation leads to the suggestion that, in vivo, either rhodanese is maintained in its more stable sulfur-substituted form or cellular compartmentalization prevents inactivation by nitrite.
(7) Sodium nitrite, a substance with unknown promoting activity, effectively uncoupled cells.
(8) The tricyclic psychotropic drug opipramol (Insidon) reacts in vitro with sodium nitrite in acidic solution to form products including mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100.
(9) This indicates the loss of both assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction but only dissimilatory nitrite reduction in the mutants selected with chlorate.
(10) It was demonstrated that nitrite ions may be produced in metronidazole solutions at the time of preparation or during storage by the effects of temperature and light.
(11) Whole-chain formate-nitrate reductase activity, assayed with formate as the electron donor and measuring the amount of nitrite produced, was restored to wild-type levels in the mutants by addition of 10(-4)m molybdate to the growth medium.
(12) The aim of this study was to follow the changes in the levels of nitrates and nitrites throughout the process of fermentation of sauerkraut from white and red cabbage and red beets.
(13) A decrease of nitrite concentration was only seen after adding a small volume acid of high concentration.
(14) In postnatal experiments with methylurea and nitrite, there were induced mostly neurogenic tumours and reticulum cell sarcomas of the paracoecal region.
(15) Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha caused a modest (2x) increase in nitrite production.
(16) Yet, when temperature of incubation, soil pH, soil moisture content and nitrite concentration were varied in the three soils, and with addition of nitrite reductase inhibitors, it appeared in one soil that NO production was partially a biological process.
(17) Neither assimilatory nor dissimilatory nitrate or nitrite reductase activities were detectable in aerobic cultures.
(18) Sixteen patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and three healthy volunteers were treated with a combination of a long-acting nitrite and a beta-receptor blocking agent.
(19) Synthetic N-OH-PhIP was prepared by catalytic reduction of the nitro derivative of PhIP, which was synthesized from PhIP by diazotization and reaction with sodium nitrite.
(20) The bacterial nitrite synthesis in gastric juice from porcine stomach mucin and the decrease of nitrite after adding acid, which has often been described in literature-results of an examination with a standardizable biomodel.